Innovation inducement prizes have been used for centuries. In the U.S., a recent federal policy change—the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010—clarified and simplified a path by which all federal agencies can offer innovation inducement prizes, thus intensifying interest in how government agencies can most effectively design and apply such prizes. This paper aims to review and synthesi...

The health care delivery system is poised for substantial change in the coming years. The foremost vector driving this change is economics. However, use of evidence-based principles of practice and a high desire, if not a national mandate, for increased quality in health care delivery are also very important factors. Nestled within this large national health care debate are a set of issues that...

It is widely felt that software quality, in the form of reliability or "trustworthiness," can be demonstrated by the successful completion of testing that "covers" the software. However, this intuition has little experimental or theoretical support. This paper considers why the intuition is so powerful and yet misleading. Formal definitions of software "dependability" are suggested, along with ...