A synthetic peptide whose sequence was derived from the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium knowlesi coupled to bovine gamma globulin has been shown to be immunogenic when administered with Freund complete adjuvant. The present experiments were designed to test the immunogenicity of the peptide when attached to a tetanus toxoid carrier and administered with alum or murabutide, both acceptabl...

Phage display technology has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for screening useful ligands that are capable of specifically binding to biomarkers on the surface of tumor cells. The ligands found by this technique, such as peptides, have been successfully applied in the fields of early cancer diagnostics and chemotherapy. In this study, a novel nonsmall cell lung cancer-targeting peptide ...

In an effort to develop octahedral metal complexes as chemotherapeutic and diagnostic agents targeted to DNA, it is critical to optimize the properties of their cellular uptake. Appending d-octaarginine has been found to improve both the uptake and nuclear localization efficiency of these complexes, but the increased positive charge interferes with selective DNA binding and hence activity. Here...

Src family tyrosine kinases mediate signal transduction cascades through two functional states. In its inactive state, the SH2 domain of c-Src binds to an intramolecular phosphotyrosine near the C terminus of the protein. In the cell, kinase activity can be switched on by dephosphorylation of the key tyrosine residue. Proteins, small molecules and synthetic phosphopeptides also can relieve kina...

Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is a common component of hair dyes and black henna tattoos and can cause skin sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). The cutaneous inflammatory reaction associated with ACD is driven by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. However, the characteristics of such responses with respect to clonal breadth and magnitude are poorly defined. In this study, we have charact...

A multiple-iteration constrained conjugate gradient (MICCG) algorithm and a single-iteration constrained conjugate gradient (SICCG) algorithm are proposed to realize the widely used frequency-domain minimum-variance-distortionless-response (MVDR) beamformers and the resulting algorithms are applied to speech enhancement. The algorithms are derived based on the Lagrange method and the conjugate ...

In this paper we will prove a maximum principle for the solutions of linear parabolic equation on complete non-compact manifolds with a time varying metric. We will prove the convergence of the Neumann Green function of the conjugate heat equation for the Ricci flow in Bk × (0, T ) to the minimal fundamental solution of the conjugate heat equation as k → ∞. We will prove the uniqueness of the f...

Hairpin pyrrole-imidazole polyamides (hPIPs) and their chlorambucil (Chb) conjugates (hPIP-Chbs) can alkylate DNA in a sequence-specific manner, have been studied as anticancer drugs. Here, we conjugated Chb to cyclic PIP (cPIP), which is known higher binding affinity than the corresponding hPIP, investigated alkylation properties of resulting cPIP-Chb using optimized capillary electrophoresis ...

The design of molecules that damage a selected DNA sequence provides a formidable opportunity for basic and applied biology. For example, such molecules offer new prospects for controlled manipulation of the genome. The conjugation of DNA-code reading molecules such as polyamides to reagents that induce DNA damages provides an approach to reach this goal. In this work, we showed that a bipyridi...

A challenging problem in many remote sensing applications is the assimilation of large quatities of sparse and irregularly sampled space-time data into a dynamic model. Kalman filtering, while providing a conceptual solution to such problems, cannot typically be applied exactly due to the extreme dimensionality of such assimilation problems. Particularly challenging is one of the most critical ...