Economists wishing to analyse road congestion and road pricing have usually relied on linkbased speed-flow relationships. These may provide a poor description of urban congestion, which mainly arises from delays at intersections. Using the simulation model SATURN, we investigate the second-best proportional traffic reduction and find that linear speed-flow relations describe network flows quite...

We consider congestion pricing as a mechanism for sharing bandwidth in communication networks, and model the interaction among the users as a game. We propose a decentralized algorithm for the users that is based on the history of the price process, where user response to congestion prices is analogous to “fictitious play” in game theory, and show that this results in convergence to the unique ...

Congestion control is an important feature that directly affects network performance. Network congestion may cause loss of data or long delays. Although this problem has been studied extensively in the Internet, the solutions for Internet congestion control do not apply readily to challenged network environments such as Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN) where end-to-end connectivity may not exist c...

Data marketplaces provide platforms for management of large data sets. The data markets are rapidly growing, yet the pricing strategies for data and data analytics are not yet well-understood. In this paper, we explore some of the pricing schemes applicable to data marketplaces in the context of transportation traffic data. This includes historical and real-time freeway and arterial congestion ...

We study the role of pricing in Diierentiated Services (DiiServ) networks. We model DiiServ as a priority service, where users are given the freedom to choose the priorities of their traac, but are charged accordingly. Using a game theoretic framework, we study the case where users choose an allocation of priorities to packets in order to optimize their net beneet. For the single link case, we ...

This paper reviews theoretical and empirical literature on the measurement of the major automobile externalities, namely local pollution, global pollution, oil dependence, traffic congestion and traffic accidents. It then dicusses the rationale for traditional policies to address these externalities, including fuel taxes, fuel economy standards, emissions standards and related policies. Finally...

Differentiated Services and Integrated Services architectures rely on mechanisms to dynamically allocate network resources. Here, we investigate the feasibility of dynamically adjusting prices based on congestion. The pricing policy implements a distributed resource allocation to provide guaranteed bounds on packet loss and end-to-end delay for real-time applications. Distributed pricing roles ...

Congestion charging has been around for quite a while, since Singapore first introduced it in 1975. In the EU congestion is often located in and around urban areas and costs nearly 100 billion Euro, annually. The World Health Organization estimates 1.3 million deaths each year globally are related to air pollution, which to a large degree is caused by emissions from road traffic. Yet congestion...

This paper analyzes efficient pricing at a congested airport dominated by a single firm. Unlike much of the previous literature, we combine a dynamic bottleneck model of congestion and a vertical structure model that explicitly considers the role of airlines and passengers. We show that a Stackelberg leader interacting with a competitive fringe partially internalizes congestion, and that there ...

Abstract Using data from the 545 largest European cities, we study whether expansion of their highway capacity provides a solution to problem traffic congestion. Our results confirm that in long run, and line with ‘fundamental law congestion’, cities lane kilometres causes an increase vehicle does not solve urban We disentangle due increases coverage capacity. further introduce road pricing pub...