Abstract Indicative and subjunctive conditionals are in non-complimentary distribution: there conversational contexts at which both licensed (Stalnaker 1975; Karttunen Peters 1979; von Fintel 1998). This means we can ask an important, but under-explored, question: license both, what relations hold between the two? In this paper, I’ll argue for initially surprising conclusion: when attention is ...

language is a system of overlapping relations, in a way that the concept of a component would not be transferred except in relation with other components and elements. there are two types of relationship between the linguistic structures: verbal and semantic relationships which are intimately linked to each other, because the word holds the meaning and is a means to express it.  considering the...

In the first part, we recall the pure and simple notion of the truth-functional (alias material) conditional proposition, and then how it can occur in combination with other elements, creating more complex kinds of conditional assertion. We discuss the subtle distinction between conditional probability and the probability of a conditional. Finally, we explain the notion of a counterfactual cond...

1. Logical language 1.1. Proposition, sentence and inscription Quine has argued in favor of the rejection of propositions. His argument can be summarized by the following syllogism: No entity without identity There is no criterion of identity for propositions No propositions Quine has been quite influential in the replacement of the expression propositional logic by the expression sentential lo...

One approach to deliberation about the choice of what to do in a particular situation is to use an argument scheme based on the practical syllogism to supply a presumptive reason for the action, which is then subjected to a process of critical questioning to see if the presumption can be maintained. In this paper we describe an implemented realisation of this approach. We describe a representat...

The researchers collected a data set of consumer-directed print advertisements for antidepressant medications from three female-directed magazines, three male-directed magazines, and four common readership magazines published between 1997 and 2003. They evaluated these data for advertising techniques that enable drug advertisements to function as agents of medicalization. The investigators disc...

A categorical syllogism is a rule of inference, consisting of two premisses and one conclusion. Every premiss and conclusion consists of dual relationships between the objects M, P, S. Logicians usually use only true syllogisms for deductive reasoning. After predicate logic had superseded syllogisms in the 19th century, interest on the syllogistic system vanished. We have analysed the syllogist...