Ülkeler, kamu kesimi borçlanması yoluna gitmeksizin temel harcamaların finansmanına yönelik optimum vergi geliri elde etme çabası doğrultusunda hareket etmektedir. Pek çok ülke, sınırlı kaynaklarını etkin şekilde kullanarak ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmada en üst seviyeye ulaşma isteği ile gelirlerini arttırmak adına verimli politikaları uygulamayı amaçlamıştır. Bu bakımdan, gelişmiş gelişmekte ol...

For public transit operators in the U.S., neither fare increases nor fare reductions have been successful in boosting revenues. A different kind of strategy is needed, one that can produce more revenue for transit operators than it costs. This article argues that deep discount group pass (DDGP) programs can accomplish this goal. DDGP programs provide groups of people with unlimited-ride transit...

This paper considers the market for private guarantees for municipal debt. It reviews the empirical evidence on the effects of insurance upon the pricing of new is.sues. It also presents the first empirical evidence available on the effects of bond insurance in the aftermarket for tax exempt securities. Aftermarket trades in identical securities in insured and uninsured forms are used to estima...

this experiment was conducted in order to study the influence of different levels of municipal solid waste compost and nitrogen rate on grain quality of sweet corn (zea mays l. saccharata) and some soil properties under marvdasht conditions during growing season of 2008-2009. the experiment was arranged as split plots based on a randomized complete block design with two factors and three replic...

Road traffic accidents mean lost productivity and medical expenditures. We explain trends in as a function of the political cycle using municipal data from Italy. show that during election years, accident rate increases by 1.5%, with 2% increase injury but no effect on fatality rate. The effects are stronger quarter prior to quarter, when electoral campaign is at its zenith, second after for ne...

background fiscal decentralization (fd) in many cases is encouraged as a strong means of improving the efficiency and equity in the provision of public goods, such as healthcare services. this issue has urged the researchers to experimentally examine the relationship between fiscal decentralization indicators and health outcomes. in this study we examine the effect of fiscal decentralization in...

iran's economy dependence on oil revenues has caused some impacts in the form of commodity price fluctuations on current revenues. accordingly, in the past few years especially in the second development plan, the government included encouragements and reduced the country's dependence on oil revenues in its agenda. agricultural export, especially livestock and poultry export has a proper status ...

OBJECTIVE to assess the predictive validity of the Manchester Triage System implemented in a municipal hospital in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. METHOD cohort prospective and analytical study. The sample of 300 patients was stratified by color groups. The outcome measured was the scores, obtained by patients in each classification group in the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System--28, 24 hou...