Adjustments to data observed at pairs of climate stations have been recommended to remove the biases introduced by differences between the stations in time of observation, temperature instrumentation, latitude, and elevation. A new network of climate stations, located in rural settings, permits comparisons of temperatures for several pairs of stations without two of the biases (time of observat...

Fruit quality and productivity datasets, obtained over two seasons from 24 New Zealand persimmon orchards, were associated with a self organising map trained on the spatial coordinates and geographic region of each orchard. Using this approach, a summary representation of the geographic distribution of the orchards was obtained from the projection plane of the self organising map. By overlaying...

We propose a new approach to solving the spectrum scarcity problem, called spectrum access scheduling (SAS), which allows heterogeneous wireless systems to share the same spectrum band using protocol engineering methods. SAS treats the collection of wireless systems as an ecosystem, and optimizes the system performance by collaborative designs. The key architectural component in realizing SAS i...

The emergence of wireless and mobile networks has made possible the introduction of electronic commerce to a new application and research subject: mobile commerce. Understanding or constructing a mobile commerce system is an arduous task because the system involves a wide variety of disciplines and technologies. To facilitate understanding and constructing such a system, this article divides a ...

Studies have shown that the variability of precipitation depends primarily of climatic factors, wind, temperature, and atmospheric pressure, however in the past twenty years the continuous eruptive process of volcano Tungurahua has been a natural factor that contributed to the variability of precipitations in short term and to the extension of the watershed of Ambato River. To incorporate the e...

In this article we analyze the stochastic comparison of continuous time Markov chains with state space E = {0, 1, 2, . . .} used as models for N−component systems. Although the conditions for comparability of such processes are known in the theory, they involve a huge family of sets which makes their checking a difficult task. We show how, under some assumptions on the transitions allowed in th...

in order to identify the pressure patterns causing the cold weather over the northwestern iran, daily lowest temperatures of six stations of the study area during january- march months of the 1986-2003 period were obtained from meteorological organization of islamic republic of iran (irimo) in the quality controlled format. according to the defined threshold, the very cold days were extracted a...

[1] The winter dO signal is extracted from 7 Greenland ice cores covering the past 700 years. To filter out noise and local variations in the 7 isotope records a principal component analysis is carried out on the ice core data. A comparison between the time series of the first principal component (PC1) with 67 years of winter (December to March) temperature measurements from 3 southern Greenlan...

For complex systems of systems, such as those required to perform maritime security, system architects have numerous choices they may select from, both in the components and in the way the system operates. Component choices, such as the length of a wing or the number of ground control stations, are often considered in tradespace studies, but this paper highlights the operational choices that ar...