A vigorous search continues for drugs capable of alleviating those connective tissue diseases which are mediated by immunological mechanisms. The experimental disorder caused in rats by the injection of Freund's complete adjuvant or of mycobacteria suspended in oil has been used extensively to test compounds for this purpose. Adjuvant disease, of which polyarthritis is a prominent feature, is h...

Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) causes a major upper respiratory tract infection often leading to severe illness and death in the elderly. Thus, it is important to induce safe and effective mucosal immunity against this pathogen in order to prevent pnuemocaccal infection. However, this is a very difficult task to elicit protective mucosal IgA antibody responses in older individuals....

The logic S (Symmetric Propositional Relatedness Logic) was introduced in the late 1970s by Richard Epstein, and thoroughly studied over the subsequent decade by Epstein himself and his collaborators a clear outline of this work is presented in [2]. Epstein’s starting point was a semantical analysis of the concept of subject matter relatedness among propositions, which eventually led to an axio...

A multidimensional gravitational model with several scalar fields, fields of forms and cosmological constant is considered. When scalar fields are constant and composite p-brane monopole-like ansatz for the fields of forms is adopted, a wide class of solutions on product of n + 1 Einstein spaces is obtained. These solutions are composite p-brane generalizations of the Freund-Rubin solution. Som...

Chronic actinomycetoma associated with grain production was induced in BALB/c mice by subcutaneous inoculation of live Nocardia brasiliensis in Freund incomplete adjuvant into the hind footpads. Similar inoculation of N. asteroides and N. caviae resulted in local tumor formation which healed spontaneously after 5 months, the disease disseminating into the peritoneum, where masses or organisms c...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by joint infiltration and bone damage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of losartan in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). Arthritis was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of 0.2ml of Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) in the planter surface of the hind paw. Arthritic rats were al...

  Honey bee sting is used in some societies as a treatment of inflammation in joint diseases such as arthritis. To investigate the effect of honey bee venom in reducing inflammation, we selected 30 male Wister rats which were divided in to 6 groups. Except group 1, all remaining groups received 0.5 ml of complete Freund’s adjuvant to induce arthritis. After 9 days, all animals that received adj...

Block (1975) extended bivariate exponential distributions (BVEDs) of Freund (1961) and Proschan and Sullo (1974) to multivariate case and called them as Generalized FreundWeinman's multivariate exponential distributions (MVEDs). In this paper, we obtain MLEs of the parameters and large sample test for testing independence and symmetry of k components in the generalized Freund-Weinman's MVEDs.