According to principles of economic security, in this era globalization and interdependencies, we understand that agents work competitively uncertain markets. In the current international field, cannot find either a perfect balance or long-term security conditions. Yet, insecurity has ability stimulate competitive encourage innovation adaptive competences. The anticipation rapid evolutions tran...

I present a simple framework for modeling two-firm market competition, where each firm chooses a market alternative as well as a costless “marketing message”. Consumers follow a frame-dependent choice function, where the frame is a probabilistic function of the firms’ marketing messages. This framework embeds several recent models in the literature on markets with boundedly rational consumers. ...

In the late 1970s, a new research impetus occurred in the new product development literature with the publications of Eric Von Hippel's two seminal investigations (1976; 1977), where he advocated the involvement of users in the idea generation stage of the new product development process. Von Hippel‟s conceptualisation of a customer active paradigm (1978) gave focus to a new generation of resea...

This paper proposes a model of competitive bundling with an arbitrary number of …rms. In the regime of pure bundling, we …nd that relative to separate sales pure bundling tends to raise market prices, bene…t …rms, and harm consumers when the number of …rms is above a threshold. This is in contrast to the …ndings in the duopoly case on which the existing literature often focuses. Our analysis al...

background: the purpose of this study was to analyze the changes of t3, t4, tsh and cortisol in swimming and running college student athletes after one bout of competitive training session. materials and methods: for this purpose, 15 swimmers by the average age of 22.5±2.48 yrs, height of 177.17±2.31 cm, weight of 68.75±2.24, body mass index (bmi) 21.65±2.14 kg/m2 ) and 15 runner by the average...