introduction: hospitals are responsible to respond to legitimate demands for health information release while protecting the confidentiality of patient health records. this study investigated and compared laws and policies of health information disclosure for legal authorities in iran and some selected countries. methods: this descriptive-comparative study included health information disclosure...

Introduction Mark Bray Comparative research is vital to the development of all social science disciplines. Indeed, many scholars have argued that the making of comparisons is the only method by which explanations of social behaviour and the development of theory occur. For example, the author of one comparative study of economic development in 'settler' societies argued: Only one analytical met...

Laboratory adaptation allows researchers to contrast temporal studies of experimental evolution with comparative studies. The comparative method is here taken to mean the inference of microevolutionary processes from comparisons among contemporaneous populations of diverse origins, from one or multiple species. The data contrasted here come from Drosophila subobscura populations that were intro...

Comparative biology is a field that deals with morphology. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe recognised comparative biology, not as a passive science obsessed with counting similarities as it is today, but as an active field wherein he sought to perceive the inter-relationships of individual organisms to the organic whole, which he termed the archetype. I submit that Goethe’s archetype and his applica...

We consider the comparative statics of solutions to parameterized optimization problems. A geometric method is developed for finding a vector field that, at each point in the parameter space, indicates a direction in which monotone comparative statics obtains. Given such a vector field, we provide sufficient conditions under which the problem can be reparameterized on the parameter space (or a ...

The solution of the e-Learning is one of the most discussed priorities of modern universities. The whole problem lies in the global approach of which strategy must use to create e-Learning system. This paper describes an evaluation model for some of the existent methodologies used to create e-Learning system. The evaluation model is based on a comparative analysis: strategies, formation, and em...

We consider the problem of comparing the gene expression levels of cells grown under two different conditions using cDNA microarray data. We use a quality index, computed from duplicate spots on the same slide, to filter out outlying spots, poor quality genes and problematical slides. We also perform calibration experiments to show that normalization between fluorescent labels is needed and tha...

Natural languages are related to each other genetically. Traditionally, such genetic relationships have been demonstrated using the comparative method. I describe a software system that implements an alternative method for detecting such relationships using simple statistical language modeling.