To determine general or species-specific properties in neural systems, it is necessary to use comparative data in evaluating experimental findings. Presented here are data on associative learning and memory formation in honeybees, emphasizing a comparative approach. We focus on four aspects: (1) the role of an identified neuron, VUM(mx1), as a neural substrate of appetitive reinforcement; (2) t...

Students motivated by a desire to study literary art in the broadest sense of the term will find an intellectual home in the Program in Comparative Literature. The Program in Comparative Literature gives students the opportunity to develop their critical faculties through the analysis of literature across cultures, and through the exploration of literary and critical theory. By crossing nationa...

A concretizing link is an expression of a specific relationship between concepts using unique means relation. Given that, affixes and forms verbs have particular place. This article considers the conditions infinitive (-ырга/-ергә/-рга) conditional mood verb (-са/-сә). These in Tatar grammars as part subordinate predicate clause are inflectional forms, that is, linking words. The authors study ...

JLhe comparative study of animal eyes has been a primary source of knowledge in understanding normal embryology, anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of the human eye. The field of comparative pathology' 'has recently enjoyed a "renaissance" but has been exploited only to a limited extent by ophthalmologists and visual scientists. The comparative pathologist is in a special position to make si...

World Literature, traditionally known as Comparative Literature, draws together literatures and cultures of a wide variety of countries and regions. Western and non-Western literary traditions are included in the curriculum, which emphasizes overall the junction – and not division of the past and present, ancient and modern. Ancient Mesopotamia, Greece and Rome – the roots of Classical Traditio...

Sir, We read with interest the article by Kosch et al. w1x comparing the i.v. infusion of iron sucrose with iron gluconate in patients on haemodialysis. Although this study provides some direct comparative analysis between two forms of parenteral iron compounds, the implication that iron sucrose being a monthly bolus dose might be better than the more frequently, Nephrol Dial Transplant (2002) ...

Interactions with conversational systems take diverse forms across applications and individual users. In order to develop intelligent systems that can accommodate these diverse conversational user experience (UX) needs and preferences, meanwhile balancing implementation costs, we propose a computationdriven approach to profile conversational interactions by measuring dialogue complexity of user...

This paper presents an investigation into the impact of algorithm design for real-time active control systems. An active vibration control (AVC) algorithm for flexible beam systems is employed to demonstrate the critical design impact for real-time control applications. The AVC algorithm is analyzed, designed in various forms and implemented to explore the impact. Finally, a comparative real-ti...

The research was conducted in the clinic of pediatric surgery (city Novokuznetsk, Russia) in the year 1982 to 1985 in patients with severe AP in the initial period of the disease. At that time children with the most aggressive forms of AP were selectively admitted to our department. Сervical vagosympathetic blockade (CVB), Cups therapy (CupT) and Cold wet wraps procedures has been used. The eff...

White blood cells from 22 patients with leukemia and lymphoma were studied for the presence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase with a peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. The enzyme was detected in leukemic cells of 5 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 1 patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia, whereas 16 patients with different forms of leukemia or lymphoma were negative for t...