OBJECTIVE Automobile dependency and longer commuting are associated with current obesity epidemic. We aimed to examine the urban-rural differential effects of neighborhood commuting environment on obesity in the US METHODS: The 1997-2005 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were linked to 2000 US Census data to assess the effects of neighborhood commuting environment: census tract-level auto...

The increasing travel demands and the growing diversity of trip purposes in megacities are placing more pressure on the urban transportation system, and there is an urgent need to popularize public transportation and control the exploding increase in travels by private cars. In order to enhance the competence of public transportation and establish a balance among various travel modes in megacit...

OBJECTIVES Given the link between active commuting and physical activity, this study examined factors associated with active commuting among a nationally representative sample of Canadian youth. METHODS Using data from the 2010-11 Youth Smoking Survey, this study examined different forms of commuting (active, inactive, mixed) and factors associated with either mixed or active commuting among ...

BACKGROUND Active commuting to school (ACS) can contribute to daily physical activity (PA) levels in children and adolescents. The aim of the study was to analyze the characteristics of active commuting to and from school by bicycle and to identify the factors associated with the use of bicycles for active commuting to school based in a sample of schoolchildren in Bogotá, Colombia. METHODS A ...

Simple spatial interaction models of human mobility based on physical laws have been used extensively in the social, biological, and physical sciences, and in the study of the human dynamics underlying the spread of disease. Recent analyses of commuting patterns and travel behavior in high-income countries have led to the suggestion that these models are highly generalizable, and as a result, g...

Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) with retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) under high central venous pressure (CVP) is often used in aortic arch surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We hypothesized that DHCA with RCP under high CVP causes cerebral vascular compression because of increased perivascular pressure due to extravasation of fluid into intracranial tissue. In a retrospe...

Objective: This paper describes a behavior change intervention that encourages active commuting using electrically assisted bikes (e-bikes) for health promotion in the workplace. This paper presents the preliminary findings of the intervention's impact on improving employee well-being and organizational behavior, as an indicator of potential business success. Method: Employees of a UK-based org...

We provide sufficient conditions for a lattice polynomial function to be self-commuting. We explicitly describe self-commuting polynomial functions on chains.

This article investigates the comparative-static properties of an urban model where commuting cost is a function of income. In the standard urban model [Wheaton, W.C., 1974. A comparative static analysis of urban spatial structure. J. Econ. Theory 9, 223–237] commuting cost depends only on distance, but a more realistic formulation makes commuting cost per mile an increasing function of income....

In his paper (1942), Ore found necessary and sufficient conditions under which the modular and distributive laws hold in the lattice of equivalence relations on a set S. In the present paper, we consider commuting equivalence relations. It has been proved by J6nsson (1953) that the modular law holds in the lattice of commuting equivalence relations. We give some necessary and sufficient conditi...