This paper documents a little-noticed feature of US labor markets—very large variation in the labor supply of married women across cities. We focus on cross-city differences in commuting times as a potential explanation for this variation. We start with a model in which commuting times introduce non-convexities into the budget set. Empirical evidence is consistent with the model’s predictions: ...

We generalise gauge theory on a graph so that the group becomes finite-dimensional ribbon Hopf algebra, graph, and gauge-theoretic concepts such as connections, transformations observables are replaced by linearised analogues. Starting from physical considerations, we derive an axiomatic definition of Hopf-algebra theory, including locality conditions under which for general can be assembled lo...

We will investigate so-called commuting operators and their relationship to bisymmetry and domination. In the case of bisymmetric aggregation operators we will show a sufficient condition ensuring that two operators commute, while for bisymmetric aggregation operators with neutral element we will even give a full characterization of commuting n-ary operators by means of unary commuting operators.

Delineation of commuting regions has always been based on statistical units, often municipalities or wards. However, using these units has certain disadvantages as their land areas differ considerably. Much information is lost in the larger spatial base units and distortions in self-containment values, the main criterion in rule-based delineation procedures, occur. Alternatively, one can start ...

BACKGROUND Most public transit users walk to and from transit. We analyzed the relationship between transit commuting and objectively measured physical activity. METHODS Adults aged 20 to 65 working outside the home (n = 1237) were randomly selected from neighborhoods in Seattle and Baltimore regions. Neighborhoods had high or low median income and high or low mean walkability. Mean daily min...

Due to accident severity and the extent of claim payments commuting accidents are a significant expense factor in the German industry. Therefore the aim of the present study was the identification of risk factors for commuting accidents in a German chemical company. A retrospective analysis of commuting accidents recorded between 1990 and 2003 was conducted in a major chemical company in German...

Past research suggests that mixed land-uses encourage non-auto commuting; however, the evidence remains sketchy. This paper explores this question by investigating how the presence of retail activities in neighborhoods influences the commuting choices of residents using data from the 1985 American Housing Survey. Having grocery stores and other consumer services within 300 feet of one’s residen...

BACKGROUND: Children's active commuting to school, i.e. walking or cycling to school, was associated with greater moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, although studies among ethnic minorities are sparse. OBJECTIVES: Among a low-income, ethnic minority sample of fourth grade students from eight public schools, we examined (1) correlates of active commuting to school and (2) the relationship b...

This paper studies commuting matrices in max algebra and nonnegative linear algebra. Our starting point is the existence of a common eigenvector, which directly leads to max analogues of some classical results for complex matrices. We also investigate Frobenius normal forms of commuting matrices, particularly when the Perron roots of the components are distinct. For the case of max algebra, we ...

Cross-sectional study that aimed to estimate the prevalence of forms of commuting to and from work and to identify factors associated among industrial workers in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. A total of 2,265 workers completed a questionnaire on the forms of commuting to and from work (walking/biking, bus or car/motorcycle). Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimat...