In one proposed use of digital watermarks, the owner of a document D sells slightly diierent documents, D 1 ; D 2 ; : : : to each buyer; if a buyer posts his/her document D i to the web, the owner can identify the source of the leak. More general attacks are however possible in which k buyers create some composite document D ; the goal of the owner is to identify at least one of the conspirator...

Macaronesia is a complex oceanic region spanning three tectonic plates in the northeast Atlantic ocean. It composed of four archipelagos, widely distributed and limited to east by Iberian Peninsula north-western coast Africa. This study aims clarify recent Macaronesian kinematics from 19 GNSS stations located on archipelagos African coastlines. The analysis based nearly 15 years common data acq...

Abstract Oceanic islands have long been considered engines of differentiation and speciation for terrestrial organisms. Here we investigated colonisation radiation processes in the Madeira Archipelago Canary Islands Andrena wollastoni group bees (subgenus Micrandrena ), which comprises six endemic species five subspecies on islands. Mitochondrial COI sequences support monophyly four two suggest...