Among agricultural products in Iran, pistachio is one of the major export products that can produce foreign currency. The present study evaluated factors affecting pistachio export earnings instability and its effect on agricultural export during the studied period. For this purpose, export earnings instability index was calculated using "average absolute difference between export earnings and ...

This study examines the asymmetric effects of third-country exchange rate volatility on Turkish-German commodity trade. We analyzed annual time-series data spanning 1980-2022 for 79 (93) Turkish export (import) industries. The ARDL model found that volatility, using lira-dollar, had a significant short-term symmetric effect 59 (67) NARDL short-run trade volumes in more than half and import Howe...

Article history: Received 9 May 2012 Received in revised form 8 August 2013 Accepted 8 August 2013 Available online 27 August 2013 The paper examines the Canada–US real exchange rate since the early 1970s to test two popular explanations of the long-run real exchange rate based on the influence of sectoral productivities and commodity prices. The empirical analysis finds that both variables exe...

One of the performance limitations of clusters is their message passing capability, while complete exchange is known to be the severest communication pattern on all types of message passing machines. In this paper, we focus on the practical issues of designing high-speed complete exchange algorithms on a commodity cluster interconnected by a non-blocking crossbar switch. Four complete exchange ...

The primary hypothesis in this paper is that most East Asian economies have been following growth trajectories which involve ever-intensifying competition in external product markets. The financial crisis of 1997-98, whilst clearly having roots in the operations of both global and national financial systems, is in large part a reflection of these long-run growth trajectories. This is because th...

I explore theoretical conceptions of the use and exchange values of mathematics education within cultural-historical activity theory perspectives. The case of education in England is compared with that of health care (due to Engestrom). Then I draw on Lave and McDermott’s study of estranged learning from the early Marx, and from Marx’s later analyses in Capital. They deduced the source of learn...

Treasury bonds provide money-like services, while other bonds do not. These money-like services, which include safety and liquidity, are valued more during financial crises, reducing the substitutability of actual Treasuries and synthetic Treasuries—other types of bonds that yield the same cash flows. Large equilibrium yield spreads between actual and synthetic Treasuries result. During the rec...