number 25. Hock,E.; Halle,I.; Matthes,S.; Jeroch,H., 1997. Investigations on the composition of the ileal and caecal microflora of broiler chicks in consideration to dietary enzyme preparation and zinc bacitracin in wheat-based diets. Agribiological ResearchZeitschrift fur Agrarbiologie Agrikulturchemie Okologie. 50. 1. pp 85 – 95. Kidd, M. T., G. W. Morgan, Jr., S. R. Rogers, E. E. Pierson, an...

Keel bone fractures and deviations are one of the major welfare and health issues in commercial laying hens. In non-cage housing systems like aviaries, falls and collisions with perches and other parts of the housing system are assumed to be one of the main causes for the high incidence of keel bone damage. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of a soft perch mater...

The modern poultry industry has a remarkable record in reducing mortality, applying a combination of effective disease control, adequate nutrition, good husbandry and genetic selection. Primary breeders, specialized in the adaptation of layers, broilers and turkeys to changing demands of a global food market, have made three major contributions in the past: (1) eradication of vertically transmi...

Wild birds, particularly waterfowl, are a key element of the viral ecology of avian influenza. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, subtype H5N1, was first detected in poultry in November 1996 in southeast China, where it originated. The virus subsequently dispersed throughout most of Asia, and also to Africa and Europe. Despite compelling evidence that the virus has been dispersed w...

Nigeria was the first African country to report highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus outbreaks in February 2006 and has since been the most severely hit country in sub-Saharan Africa. A retrospective survey carried out towards the end of 2007, coupled with follow-up spatial analysis, support the notion that the H5N1 virus may have spread from rural areas of northern Nigeria near ...

A total of 282 serum samples were collected from 10 flocks, representing eight poultry breeding companies. These birds were reared in Punjab and North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. The antibodies against Turkey Rhinotracheitis virus/Swollen Head Syndrome (TRT/SHS) were detected by using a commercial kit based on Blocking Enzyme Immuno-Assay. Out of 282 samples tested for TRT/SHS antibodie...