OBJECTIVE To prospectively validate three popular clinical dehydration scales and overall physician gestalt in children with vomiting or diarrhea relative to the criterion standard of percent weight change with rehydration. METHODS We prospectively enrolled a non-consecutive cohort of children ≤ 18 years of age with an acute episode of diarrhea or vomiting. Patient weight, clinical scale vari...

JOHN THOMSON, M.D., D.P.H., D.C.H. (From the Department of Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh) Introduction In the course of carrying out a series of observations on renal output and the composition of the urine in the newborn period, two cases of dehydration fever were observed. The observations recorded in these two cases deviate so far from the normal, Thomson (1944), that their ...

No matter how mild, dehydration is not a desirable condition because there is an imbalance in the homeostatic function of the internal environment. This can adversely affect cognitive performance, not only in groups more vulnerable to dehydration, such as children and the elderly, but also in young adults. However, few studies have examined the impact of mild or moderate dehydration on cognitiv...

Biological specimens contain up to 80% or more water which must be substituted in fixed cells (with the exception of special cryo-techniques) by some kind of embedding media to allow mechanical support for the sectioning process. Usually, embedding media cannot directly replace water, and fixation is followed by a sequence of dehydrating solutions from which the last must be miscible with the e...

In this study, the nanoporous γ-alumina catalysts were prepared by the sol-gel method using hydrolysis of aluminum isopropoxide in the presence of TX-100 or gelatin/TX-100 mixture. Catalysts were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TEM, BET-BJH and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. To investigate reactivity and selectivity of the synthesized catalysts, dehydration reaction of 2-octanol was carried o...

The economically important DT2008 and the model Williams 82 (W82) soybean cultivars were reported to have differential drought-tolerant degree to dehydration and drought, which was associated with root trait. Here, we used 66K Affymetrix Soybean Array GeneChip to compare the root transcriptomes of DT2008 and W82 seedlings under normal, as well as mild (2 h treatment) and severe (10 h treatment)...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the accuracy of three clinical scales for predicting severe disease (severe dehydration or death) in children with diarrhea in a resource-limited setting. METHODS Participants included 178 children admitted to three Rwandan hospitals with diarrhea. A local physician or nurse assessed each child on arrival using the World Health Organization (WHO) severe dehydration sc...

Local airway water loss is the main physiological trigger for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). Our aim was to investigate the effects of whole body water loss on airway responsiveness and pulmonary function in athletes with mild asthma and/or EIB. Ten recreational athletes with a medical diagnosis of mild asthma and/or EIB completed a randomized, crossover study. Pulmonary function t...

PURPOSE To investigate the in vitro dehydration process of conventional hydrogel and silicone-hydrogel contact lens materials. METHODS Eight conventional hydrogel and five silicone-hydrogel contact lenses were dehydrated under controlled environmental conditions on an analytical balance. Data were taken at 1-min intervals and dehydration curves of cumulative dehydration (CD), valid dehydratio...