This paper deals with the problem of harmonizing melodies based on a muitimodal reasoning approach where general knowledge about harmonization, represented by rules, supports concrete knowledge represented by cases. Rules are applied when the cases cannot provide a solution. The combination of these two reasoning methods has proven to be useful and in general can be useful in domains where it i...

Integrating rules and statistical systems is a challenge often faced by natural language processing system builders. A common subclass is integrating high precision rules with a Markov statistical sequence classifier. In this paper we suggest that using such rules to constrain the sequence classifier decoder results in superior accuracy and efficiency. In a case study of a named entity tagging ...

This paper deals with the problem of harmonizing melodies based on a multimodal reasoning approach where general knowledge about harmonization, represented by rules, supports concrete knowledge represented by cases. Rules are applied when the cases cannot provide a solution. The combination of these two reasoning methods has proven to be useful and in general can be useful in domains where it i...

association rules are among important techniques in data mining which are used for extracting hidden patterns and knowledge in large volumes of data. association rules help individuals and organizations take strategic decisions and improve their business processes. extracted association rules from a database contain important and confidential information that if published, the privacy of indivi...

When combining belief functions by conjunctive rules of combination, conflicts often appear, which are assigned to ∅ by un-normalized conjunctive rule ∩ ⃝ or normalized by Dempster’s rule of combination ⊕ in Dempster-Shafer theory. Combination of conflicting belief functions and interpretation of conflicts is often questionable in real applications, thus a series of alternative combination rule...

Since the early 80’s the combination of Petri nets and rule-based transformations has been extensively researched to obtain new concepts and results. In this paper we consider rules as tokens leading to the concept of higher-order nets for mobile policies. The rules are used on the one hand for the specification of policy rules and on the other hand for the modification of policy rules, i.e. fo...

legitimacy is among the factors that bring stability and effectiveness to a political system. in this article, the writer argues that there is a stronger tendency to keep and amend the basic rules of the system of the islamic republic of iran than to change and replace them. also, there is a stronger tendency to amend the present rules than to keep them as they are. political legitimacy, the wr...

In this chapter, we present two applications in information fusion in order to evaluate the generalized proportional conflict redistribution rule presented in the chapter [5]. Most of the time the combination rules are evaluated only on simple examples. We study here different combination rules and compare them in terms of decision on real data. Indeed, in real applications, we need a reliable ...