OBJECTIVES Physicians are unable to reliably determine intravascular volume status through the clinical examination. Respiratory variation in the diameter of the inferior vena cava (IVC) has been investigated as a noninvasive marker of intravascular volume status; however, there has been a lack of standardization across investigations. The authors evaluated three locations along the IVC to dete...

When arteries are excised, they collapse and shorten spontaneously, which can result in damage to the endothelium. To determine if an intact endothelial cell layer could be preserved in excised vessels, we isolated and cannulated rat carotid artery segments (in situ length, In,, 10-20 mm) at both ends while maintaining both transmural pressure (70 mm Hg) and Li, while maintaining either transmu...

We explore potential changes in Greenland ice sheet form and flow associated with increasing ice temperatures and relaxing effective ice viscosities. We define "thermal-viscous collapse" as a transition from the polythermal ice sheet temperature distribution characteristic of the Holocene to temperate ice at the pressure melting point and associated lower viscosities. The conceptual model of th...

We have developed a multi-phase compressible fluid solver that can handle shock waves efficiently and accurately. Using a level set formulation to treat sharp interfaces and employing multi-resolution techniques, we can study complex shock-bubble interactions. In this work, shock-induced bubble collapse interactions near a deformable interface are presented as a model for a simplified extracorp...

The density collapse was observed in the improved confinement mode sustained by the hot cathode biasing in Tohoku University Heliac (TU-Heliac). The density profiles showed the steep gradient around the core plasma region before the collapse. The steep density profile collapsed accompanied with the bursting high frequency fluctuation (100 < f < 500 kHz), which had m = 2 ~ 3 poloidal mode number...

The paper documents the behavior of trade prices during the Great Trade Collapse of 2008–09 using transaction-level data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. First, the paper finds that differentiated manufactures exhibited marked stability in their trade prices during the large decline in their trade volumes. Prices of nondifferentiated manufactures, by contrast, declined sharply. Second,...

This paper presents a new approach for shunt Capacitor position and size for radial distribution network based on genetic approach. Distribution networks experience distinct changes from low load level to high load level every day. In certain industrial areas, it has been observed that under certain critical loading conditions, the distribution system experience voltage collapse. Due to this ph...

We investigate the 2008–2009 trade collapse using microdata from a small open economy, Belgium. Belgian exports and imports mostly fell because of smaller quantities sold and unit prices charged rather than fewer firms, trading partners, and products being involved in trade. Our difference-in-difference results point to a fall in the demand for tradables as the main driver of the collapse. Fina...

The management of carpal dislocation after a late diagnosis is difficult. Open reduction is the usual treatment but collapse of the carpus may be hard to overcome without extensive dissection and consequent damage to the blood supply, ligaments and articular cartilage. A technique of distraction by an external fixator followed by semi-closed reduction is described and its successful use is repo...