regarding islamic conferece organization's aim to establish a common market among islamic countries and expedite the establishment of regional commercial ties, various islamiic countries have been divided into five groups according to their regions. in the meanwhile this research seeks to investigate the establishment of regional commercial ties between iran and central asian countries due...

iran and armenia as the countries with great religious, language and cultural differences have close and extensive ties in various fields. to understand the reason of these close and extensive ties, in addition to common interest of the two countries from this relationship, it is necessary to notice an external factor that is republic of azerbaijan and their common threat perception of them. in...

As observed by Needleman and co-workers [1], it is still not clear to what extent the initially elastic cohesive surfaces are more appropriate than the initially rigid cohesive surfaces for a given application. In this work, an analysis where the initially elastic model is approached asymptotically to the initially rigid is proposed. The purpose of this analysis is to gain more insight into the...

Social network users connect and interact with one another to fulfil different kinds of social and information needs. When interaction ceases between two users, we say that their tie becomes dormant. While there are different underlying reasons of dormant ties, it is important to find means to revive such ties so as to maintain vibrancy in the relationships. In this work, we thus focus on desig...

This study investigates the determinants of bridging ties within networks of interconnected firms. Bridging ties are defined as nonredundant connections between firms located in different network communities. We highlight how firms can enter into these relationships because of the incentives and opportunities for action that are embedded in the existing network structure. Specifically, we propo...

regarding the spatial dimension of ego/alter relations, the fact whether egos and alters live within the same neighbourhood and the consequences thereof are heavily debated. some authors argue that a network consisting mostly of people who live in the same urban area may result in lower socio-economic opportunities. another strand of research emphasizes the importance of strong ties on the loca...

The popular incivilities hypothesis suggests physical incivilities, such as unkempt lawns and litter, and weak social ties with neighbors encourage crime. Despite a strong impact on policing policies and public awareness, this hypothesis has seldom been tested. We extend this basic model to test whether place attachments protect from crime as well. In a suburban area facing decline, multilevel ...

The social cohesion of a group, as measured by patterns of network ties, increases with the level of redundancy of interconnections of its members. We will see that the minimal number k of independent paths that connect every pair of actors in a group, the higher the cohesion. The cohesiveness of a group is also measured by the extent to which it is not disconnected by removal of 1, 2, 3,..., n...