In eusocial organisms, some individuals specialize in reproduction and others in altruistic helping. The evolution of eusociality is, therefore, also the evolution of remarkable inequality. For example, a colony of honeybees (Apis mellifera) may contain 50 000 females all of whom can lay eggs. But 100 per cent of the females and 99.9 per cent of the males are offspring of the queen. How did suc...

In a democracy, it is essential that voters cast their votes independently and freely, without any improper influence. Particularly, mechanisms must be put into place that prevent—or at least severely impede—the coercion of voters. One possible countermeasure to coercion is revoting: after casting a vote under coercion, the voter can re-cast and overwrite her choice. However, revoting is only m...

INTRODUCTION Mechanical restraint and other forms of coercion may be used under certain circumstances at psych-iatric wards. The use of coercion receives considerable focus, yet little is known about its diurnal distribution. We examined the initiation of mechanical restraint, sedative drug administration, physical retention, door locking and personal shielding by time of day and week. METHOD...

Underspecification and coercion are two prominent interpretive mechanisms to account for meaning variability beyond compositionality. While there is plentiful evidence that natural language meaning constitution exploits both mechanisms, it is an open issue whether a concrete phenomenon of meaning variability is an instance of underspecification or coercion. This paper argues that this theoretic...

Although Complement Coercion has been systematically associated with computational cost, there remains a serious confound in the experimental evidence built up in previous studies. The confound arises from the fact that lexicosemantic differences within the set of verbs assumed to involve coercion have not been taken into consideration. From among the set of verbs that have been reported to exh...

BACKGROUND Growing worldwide evidence shows that the experience of sexual coercion is fairly prevalent among young people and is associated with risky sexual behavior thereafter. The causal mechanisms behind this are unclear but may be dependent on specific contextual determinants. Little is known about factors that could buffer the negative effects of coercion. The aim of this study was to ass...

Methods 928 patients, aged 18–60, admitted to acute psychiatric wards in the Nordic countries were interviewed focusing on their experiences during admission. We used a questionnaire where both the MacArthurPerceived Coercion Scale (MPCS) and "The Coercion Ladder" (CL; a ten step visual analogue scale) were included. Information from medical records was obtained and participants were assessed b...

In this paper Acquisti voting protocol is modeled in applied pi calculus. Soundness and coercion-resistance are verified with the automatic tool ProVerif. The result shows that Acquisti protocol has the soundness and coercion-resistance in some conditions. To our best knowledge, the first automatic analysis of Acquisti protocol for an unbounded number of honest and corrupted voters is

Background: It is estimated that 15 million births occur every year to adolescents. This represents about 11%of all births each year. The global average rate of births per 1000 females aged 15-19 years is 65. A range of social, cultural, biological and service delivery factors contribute to the high levels of adolescent pregnancy and childbirth. This study was conducted to determine the causes ...

BACKGROUND Despite a history of conflicts and widespread human rights violation in sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about the prevalence of interpersonal violence among the population in this region. Evidence from high-income countries suggests that exposure to violence has mental health consequences and violence also has associations with experiences of sexual coercion. AIMS This study so...