Nitrogen is the most important essential nutrient that plays a major role in achieving maximum crop yield in agriculture. Therefore, nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate and urea have been extensively used in modern agriculture. These fertilizers are generally oxidized to nitrate via nitrite by nitrifying microorganisms in the agricultural field (4, 10, 11). The serious environmental p...

Relative to soluble N sources, controlled release fertilizer (CRF) fosters consistent turfgrass growth response and improved canopy quality while reducing loss as nitrate, ammonia, and/or N2O from target systems. Commercial CRFs afford managers greater operational efficiency flexibility in nutrient management planning compel the investigation of application rate thresholds guide regional agenci...