More than 50% of electricity in the U.S. is generated by coal. The U.S. has large coal resources, the cheapest fuel in most areas. Coal fired power plants are likely to continue to provide much of U.S. electricity. However, the type of power plant that should be built is unclear. Technology can reduce pollutant discharges and capture and sequester the CO2 from coal-fired generation. The U.S. En...

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Sapphire fiber based temperature sensors are exceptional in their ability to operate at temperatures above 1000oC and as high as 1800oC. Sapphire fiber technology is emerging and the fiber is available commercially. Sapphire fiber has a high loss, is highly multi-mode and does not have a solid cladding, but it is nonetheless very useful in high temperature applications. Of the available interfe...

Coal gasification combined cycle power plants promise lower emissions and higher efficiencies than conventional pulverized coal power plants. Process economics favor compact, high pressure, slagging gasifiers, usually of the entrained type, for most coals. The high raw gas temperature in such plants prevent the use of uncooled metals in contact with the gas. Direct metal/gas contact usually occ...

Results are reported from recent tests where hydrothermal flames spontaneously ignited in a Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) Test Cell. Hydrothermal flames are generally categorized as flames that occur when appropriate concentrations of fuel and oxidizer are present in supercritical water (SCW); i.e., water at conditions above its critical point (218 atm and 374 °C). A co-flow injector was...