The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a major obstacle to the treatment of malignant brain tumors and other central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The Eleventh Annual Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Consortium Meeting was convened to discuss recent advances and future directions in imaging and nanomedicine. Two sessions, one on Cell and Molecular Imaging in the CNS and another on Nanotechnology...

human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) is associated with adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (atl) and htlv-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (ham/tsp). only a limited percentage of infected individuals develop disease in response to the virus while the majority remain asymptomatic and ham/tsp is the most common clinical manifestation of the virus. ham/tsp is an inflamma...

Abstract Background Central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB) accounts for 5-10% of extrapulmonary TB cases. It takes 3 clinical forms: meningitis, tuberculoma, and arachnoiditis. Modern case descriptions the presentation CNS-TB are rare. The goal this study is to examine presentation, diagnostic studies, associated comorbidities CNS-TB. Methods In our academic healthcare system, cases cultu...

Background. The role of recently discovered neurospecific peptides in the pathogenesis acute and progressive neurologic disorders, their neuroprotective features, possibilities to use them as markers for course prognosis certain diseases have been actively studied recent decades. However, are almost not chronic residual diseases. In our study we measured levels some other achieve understanding ...

Failure of oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation has been recognized as the leading cause for the failure of myelin regeneration in diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). One explanation for the failure of OPC differentiation in MS is the presence of inhibitory molecules in demyelinated lesions. So far only a few inhibitory substrates have been identified in MS lesions. Semaph...

Degos disease, also referred to as malignant atrophic papulosis, was first described in 1941 by Köhlmeier and was independently described by Degos in 1942. Degos disease is characterized by diffuse, papular skin eruptions with porcelain-white centers and slightly raised erythematous telangiectatic rims associated with bowel infarction. Although the etiology of Degos disease is unknown, autoimmu...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is a complex disease which is correlated with increasing inflammatory factors, demyelination and axonal loss. in this auto-immune disease, neuroinflammation is mediated by different types of t cells with macrophage/microglial activation and b cells involvement that interact in a collaborative manner. focal inflammation is the main cause for the onset of relapses and coul...

When localizing lesions it is helpful to start with “big regions” first and then progressively narrow it down. This process can start with defining whether the lesion is in the central or peripheral nervous system (CNS or PNS). Then if it is within the CNS, localize it to the brain or spinal cord. Considering the high prevalence of spinal cord disorders, the text will discuss primarily lesion l...

Central nervous system (CNS) lesions, mainly involving the meninges, are found in up to 16% of autopsy studies of patients with known sarcoidosis [1]. Primary CNS sarcoid granuloma without systemic disease is seen in only about 5% of patients [2]. The characteristic MRI appearance of chiasmal sarcoidosis is peripheral contrast enhancement resulting from meningeal involvement. We report a rare c...

Note Primary CNS tumors constitute a spectrum of pathological entities each with a distinct natural history that reflects the sequential accumulation of genetic lesions and the deregulation of growth-factor signalling pathways during neoplastic transformation. For simplicity, CNS tumors may be classified as GLIOMAS or NONGLIOMAS (see Table 1 which provides a summary of 2007 World Health Organiz...