In this paper constant modulus algorithm (CMA) and least mean square (LMS), kind of blind and nonblind algorithms used for adaptive beamforming are presented. These algorithms are embedded in smart antenna which calculates optimum weight vector that minimizes the total received power except the power coming from desired direction. The efficiency of CMA and LMS algorithms is compared on the basi...

This paper investigates a blind space–time equaliser (STE) designed for single-input multiple-output (SIMO) systems that employ high-throughput quadrature amplitude modulation schemes. A constant modulus algorithm (CMA) aided soft decision-directed (SDD) scheme, originally derived for low-complexity blind equalisation of single-input single-output channels, is extended to the SIMO scenario. Sim...

This work proposes a variable step size sign gradient algorithm to solve the problem of blind equalization under impulse noise environment. This algorithm suppresses the impulse noise interference effectively because of the sign operation on the instantaneous gradient based on constant modulus algorithm (CMA) cost function. Meanwhile, the excess mean square error can be further reduced by use o...

Randomized direct-search methods for the optimization of a function f : R → R given by a black box for f -evaluations are investigated. We consider the cumulative step-size adaptation (CSA) for the variance of multivariate zero-mean normal distributions. Those are commonly used to sample new candidate solutions within metaheuristics, in particular within the CMA Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES), a s...

This paper investigates the impact of sequential selection, a concept recently introduced for Evolution Strategies (ESs). Sequential selection performs the evaluations of the different candidate solutions sequentially and concludes the iteration immediately if one offspring is better than the parent. In this paper, the (1,4)-CMA-ES, where sequential selection is implemented, is compared on the ...

Randomized direct-search methods for the optimization of a function f : R → R given by a black box for f -evaluations are investigated. We consider the cumulative step-size adaptation (CSA) for the variance of multivariate zero-mean normal distributions. Those are commonly used to sample new candidate solutions within metaheuristics, in particular within the CMA Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES), a s...

Mutant N-terminal huntingtin (Htt) protein resulting from Huntington's disease (HD) with expanded polyglutamine accumulates and forms aggregates in vulnerable neurons. Both ubiquitin proteasomal and autophagic pathways contribute to the degradation of mutant Htt. Here, we focus on the involvement of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), a selective form of autophagy in the clearance of Htt. Selec...

Protective protein/cathepsin A (PPCA) has a serine carboxypeptidase activity of unknown physiological function. We now demonstrate that this protease activity triggers the degradation of the lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2a (lamp2a), a receptor for chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Degradation of lamp2a is important because its level in the lysosomal membrane is a rate-limiting st...

The effect of a synthetic steroidal antiandrogen, chlormadinone acetate (CMA), on spontaneous benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in dogs was investigated. Male beagle dogs (5-8 years old) were divided into four experimental groups. Group 1 consisted of untreated controls. Groups 2 to 4 received CMA 0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 mg/kg/day, p.o., respectively, for 6 months. In group 1, glandular hyperplasia...

The effect of a synthetic steroidal anti-androgen, chlormadinone acetate (CMA), on spontaneous benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the dog was investigated. Old male beagle dogs (5 to 8 years old) were divided into the following experimental groups: group 1 consisting of BPH controls, and group 2 which received CMA of 0.3 mg/kg/day orally for 6 months. In group 1, glandular hyperplasia of the...