to introduce ecologically safe acaricide, effects of essential oils derived from cuminum cyminum (cumin), syzygium aromaticum (clove), and mentha spicata (spearmint) were determined on tetranychus urticae at 25±1◦c, 65±5% rh and a photoperiod of 16:8 (l:d) hour. the essential oils extracted by hydro-distillation were characterized by means of gc and gc–ms. bioassays were performed by filter pap...

in the present study the effects of both cck receptor agonists and antagonists on antinociception induced by morphine in the tail-flick test have been evaluated. m orphine induced dose-dependent antinociception in mice. the response of morphine was potentiated by sulfated cholecystokinin-8 (cck-8s) but not by unsulfated cholecystokinin-8 (cck-8u). the cck receptor antagonists mk-329 and l-365, ...

BACKGROUND Despite substantial advances in pain research and treatment, millions of people continue to suffer from pain and this has been attributed mainly to the unavailability of effective and safer analgesics. The use of plants as medicines is still widespread and plants constitute a large source of novel phytocompounds that might become leads for the discovery of newer, effective and safer ...

We tested the hypothesis that thermal tail-flick latency, a common measure of pain sensitivity in rodents, would be altered in lines of mice that had been selectively bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior. Specifically, we predicted that the selected (High-Runner) lines would show decreased pain sensitivity relative to their control (C; randombred) lines, and would respond differently ...

Background: Research has demonstrated that short meditation training may yield higher pain tolerance in acute experimental pain. Our study aimed at examining underlying mechanisms of this alleged effect. In addition, placebo research has shown that higher pain tolerance is mediated via endogenous neuromodulators: experimental inhibition of opioid receptors by naloxone antagonized this effect. W...

In addition to its central actions, morphine has important peripheral effects. To examine peripheral analgesic mechanisms, we developed a topical opioid paradigm in which the tail was immersed in a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution containing various drugs. Alone, DMSO was inactive in the tail-flick assay in mice. DMSO solutions containing morphine and peptides such as [D-Ala2,MePhe4, Gly(ol)5...

MANSOUR, A., R. DOYLE, R. KATZ AND E. S. VALENSTEIN. Long-lasting changes in morphine sensitivity following amygdaloid kindling in mice. PHYSIOL. BEHAV. 27(6) 1117-1120, 1981.--Mice tested at either 3, 27 or 90 days following their last amygdala kindled convulsion exhibited a marked increase in response to morphine compared to controls. Kindled animals showed a higher incidence of clonic convul...

Diverse studies suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induce antinociception through inhibition of cyclooxygenases. In this study was evaluated the effect of NSAIDs to induce antinociception either alone or in combination in the formalin orofacial test of rodent. Male mice were injected intraperitoneally with dexibuprofen, dexktoprofen, diclofenac meloxicam, metamizol, and...

Opioid-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance severely impact the clinical efficacy of opiates as pain relievers in animals and humans. The molecular mechanisms underlying both phenomena are not well understood and their elucidation should benefit from the study of animal models and from the design of appropriate experimental protocols. We describe here a methodological approach for inducing, recor...

BACKGROUND The involvement of the mu-opioid receptor (muOR) system in the control of breathing, anesthetic potency, and morphine- and anesthesia-induced respiratory depression was investigated in mice lacking the muOR. METHODS Experiments were performed in mice lacking exon 2 of the muOR gene (muOR-/-) and their wild-type littermates (muOR+/+). The influence of saline, morphine, naloxone, and...