Clonidine is classified as a class 3 performance-enhancing agent by the Association of Racing Commissioners International and thus has the potential to influence the outcome of a race. In this study, the authors developed and validated a sensitive gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer method to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of clonidine in equine plasma samples after IV administrat...

The goal in designing sustained or controlled delivery systems is to reduce the frequency of dosing increase effectiveness drug by localization at action, reducing dose required providing uniform delivery. primary objective release ensure safety and improve efficacy drugs as well patient compliance. Bi-layer tablet suitable for sequential two combination, separate incompatible substances also w...

BACKGROUND Clonidine has been added to local anesthetic regimens for various peripheral nerve blocks, resulting in prolonged anesthesia and analgesia. The authors postulated that using clonidine as a component of intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) would enhance postoperative analgesia. METHODS Forty-five patients undergoing ambulatory hand surgery received IVRA with lidocaine, 0.5%, and w...

Clonidine, a noradrenergic alpha-2 agonist, can initiate locomotion early after spinalization in cats. Because this effect lasts 4-6 h, we have injected clonidine daily, intraperitoneally or intrathecally, and intensively trained five spinal cats to perform hindlimb walking on a treadmill starting at day 3 and continuing until 10 days posttransection. Each day, clonidine was injected to induce ...

The mechanism by which clonidine suppresses plasma renin activity (PRA) was investigated in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. Injection of clonidine (1 micrograms/kg) into the cisterna magna decreased PRA from levels stimulated by prior hemorrhage into a blood reservoir to reduce mean blood pressure by 25% (21.7 ng/ml/hr +/- 6.6 SE leads to 11.1 ng/ml/hr +/- 2.4 SE; p less than 0.05). Cloni...

Pressor responses to intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of clonidine were investi gated in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Clonidine (1-10 ,ug, i.c.v.) caused a dose-dependent pressor response and decrease in heart rate in both SHR and WKY. In SHR, low doses (1, 2.5 ug) but not high doses (5, 10 jig) of i.c.v.-clonidine in duced ...

Preemptive analgesia refers to blockade of afferent nerve fibers before a painful stimulus, which prevents or reduces subsequent pain even beyond the effect of the block. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of clonidine used before and at the end of operation on pain control in abdominal surgery. A total of 77 patients admitted for colorectal surgery were randomly classified into thr...

After completion of abdominal aortic graft, 29 patients received an i.v. infusion of placebo (n = 16) or clonidine 7 micrograms kg-1 (n = 13) over 120 min in a double-blind study. Cardiovascular variables were measured and plasma samples obtained up to 5 h after arrival in the recovery room, for assay of noradrenaline, adrenaline, vasopressin and renin concentrations. Noradrenaline, adrenaline ...

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OHDPAT) and clonidine reduce sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), in part by actions in the medullary lateral tegmental field (LTF). We microinjected these drugs bilaterally into the LTF of baroreceptor-innervated and -denervated cats anesthetized with Dial-urethane. Neit...