OBJECTIVES This randomized double-blind study was designed to compare the postoperative analgesic effect of clonidine administered intravenously or in wound infiltration with bupivacaine. METHODS Sixty adults of ASA grade I-II undergoing open cholecystectomy were randomly allocated into three groups. Group 1 (control group) patients received wound infiltration with 30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine ...

OBJECTIVE The study goal was to determine whether clonidine treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) would result in a better neurobehavioral performance compared with morphine. METHODS This pilot study prospectively enrolled infants ≥ 35 weeks' gestational age admitted for treatment of NAS. After informed consent was obtained, infants were randomized to receive morphine (0.4 mg/kg per...

BACKGROUND Propofol is a popular agent for providing intraoperative sedation in pediatric population during lumbar puncture and spinal anesthesia. Adjuvant-like clonidine is used increasingly in pediatric anesthesia to provide postoperative analgesia with a local anesthetic agent. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of intrathecal and intravenous clonidine on postoperative analgesia...

OBJECTIVES We studied the effects of clonidine on cardiac sympathetic activity and left ventricular function in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). BACKGROUND Sympathetic activation has major prognostic implications in patients with heart failure. Clonidine, an imidazoline and alpha2-receptor agonist, has been shown to cause a reduction in generalized sympathetic activity. METHODS...

The effect of adding clonidine to local anesthetics for nerve or plexus blocks remains unclear. The authors searched for randomized placebo-controlled trials testing the impact of adding clonidine to local anesthetics for peripheral single-injection nerve or plexus blocks in adults undergoing any surgery (except eye) without general anesthesia. Twenty trials (1,054 patients, 573 received clonid...

The cellular mechanisms that underlie the enhancement of clonidine-evoked hypotension in aortic barodenervated (ABD) rats and its dependence on central adenosine A(2A) receptor (A(2A)R) are not known. We tested the hypothesis that A(2A)R-mediated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK)1/2 in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and its downstream activation of nitric...

Young albino rats (120-190 g) were divided in 4 groups (6 animals per group). One group was injected with clonidine hydrochloride (100 ",g/kg. ip); another group received equivalent volume of normal saline only. The third group also received clonidine but was given phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg. ip) 1 hr before clonidine Injection. The fourth group received phenoxybenzamine hydrochlo...

Clonidine is a nonnarcotic analgesic historically used as a nasal decongestant and more recently established as an antihypertensive agent in adults. Because of its sedative properties with few adverse effects, clonidine has also been reported to be an effective pharmacologic agent for the treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). The use of oral clonidine as a primary or secondary agent ...

We compared the effects of intravenous infusions of clonidine and placebo on heart rate variability in 10 healthy male controls. Clonidine produced a significant decrease in blood pressure and significantly decreased the heart rate variability during quiet standing.

INTRODUCTION One of the main causes of death in European and US intensive care units is sepsis. It involves a network of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6. Furthermore, there is an up regulation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor (NF) kappaB. It has previously been shown that clonidine is able to significantly reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines in surgi...