PURPOSE To analyze the various types of epilepsy in subjects with chromosome 18 aberrations in order to define epilepsy and its main clinical, electroclinical and prognostic aspects in chromosome 18 anomalies. METHODS A careful overview of recent works concerning chromosome 18 aberrations and epilepsy has been carried out considering the major groups of chromosomal 18 aberrations, identified ...

Epilepsy affects approximately two million people in the U.S. About five percent of physician visits and 20% of neurological visits are by people seeking medical advice for the treatment of seizures.1 Approximately two-thirds of epileptic seizures begin in childhood; however, the incidence increases again after age 60, with a peak incidence in persons greater than 70 years of age.2 The term epi...

Rearing is an exploratory behavior induced by novelty, such as exposure to an open field. Stimulation of certain brain regions, including the hippocampus, induces both rearing and clonic convulsions. Brain excitability is controlled by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory neurotransmission through its ionotropic GABAA/allosteric benzodiazepine site. Drugs that decrease GABAA receptor fast ...

BACKGROUND Syncope is a common clinical problem with a variety of underlying mechanisms, some of which occur more frequently in 1 of the sexes or at a certain age. HYPOTHESIS There may be clinically significant age- and gender-related differences in patients with unexplained syncope. METHODS Five hundred seventy patients (54% women) with unexplained syncope received an implantable loop reco...

Constitutional mosaic trisomy 8 syndrome occurs in approximately 1 of 35 000 live births. Clinically, it has a variable presentation. Some patients are asymptomatic, while others have multisystemic involvement. The overall incidence of neurological abnormalities has not been reported, but seizures are among the neurological symptoms associated with this condition. Previous reports describe asta...

was administered directly into the graft with complete relief of pain and resolution of ST segment elevation. Angiography of the graft (Fig. 2, C) now revealed the graft to be patent; there was normal distal runoff from the graft with a 75”; obstructive lesion of the native RCA just distal to the site of graft insertion. Subsequently, pain again developed associated with ST segment elevation. G...

A capacitance sensor which detects vibrations caused by the movements of animals can be used for measuring automatically the clonic convulsions induced by chemical convulsants. This knowledge has been utilized to devise an instrument which has satisfactorily measured the clonic convulsions induced by picrotoxin in rats.

BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder and schizophrenia in patients who are drug-naïve or less-receptive to antipsychotic drugs. Several studies have discussed the correlation between patient characteristics, input-current volume, and seizure duration. According to the present principle of ECT guidelines, the therapeutic effect of ...

BACKGROUND We have previously shown the benefits of short-term add-on stiripentol therapy for Dravet syndrome inadequately controlled by clobazam and valproate in Japanese patients. We report here the outcomes of long-term stiripentol use. METHODS Patients with Dravet syndrome having ≥4 clonic/tonic-clonic seizures per 30 days while on clobazam and valproate (with or without bromide) received...

BACKGROUND There have been some reports about the possible N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist activity of Guaifenesin. As drugs with a similar structure to Guaifenesin (i.e. Felbamate) and those with NMDA antagonist activity have been clinically used as anticonvulsants, the aim of this study was to determine whether Guaifenesin has an anticonvulsant effect in an animal model of seizure. M...