BACKGROUND Recent evidence has highlighted deficiencies in clinical trial protocols, having implications for many groups. Existing guidelines for randomized clinical trial (RCT) protocol content vary substantially and most do not describe systematic methodology for their development. As one of three prespecified steps for the systematic development of a guideline for trial protocol content, the...

background and objectives : examination of cartilage repair in animal work is dependent upon the thickness and radius of the induced impalement.  full-thickness defects with a radius of 3 mm have been commonly used in animal studies to evaluate new procedures designed to improve the quality of articular cartilage repair. the aim of the present study was to define the biomechanical characteristi...

background: clinical trial is the standard method to assess efficacy of a medical intervention. because of its experimental nature, meaning that subjects are exposed to an intervention with uncertain outcome and according to historical evidences of criminal researches, clinical trial is of something of a lightning rod for ethical concerns. ethical issues surrounding clinical trials are very per...

Background: Wart is a common skin disease that can occur at any age. While they are usually benign and self-limited, they can become irritating and cosmetically disabling to patients. The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of a topical 85% formic acid preparation with a combination of topical salicylic acid and lactic acid.Methods: We enrolled 66 pa...

Background Late onset sepsis is a frequent complication of prematurity, associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Probiotics may prevent late onset sepsis in premature infants. The aim of this study was to determine prophylactic effect of oral probiotics in prevention of late onset sepsis of very preterm infants. Materials and Methods This study was a randomized, double blinded, placeb...

Background: Akathisia is a common adverse effect of antipsychotic drugs and is characterized by subjective feelings of restlessness. First-line treatment usually consists of propranolol, a beta adrenergic antagonist. However, propranolol does not seem to be efficacious in up to 70% of patients. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin B6 versus propranolol on antipsychotic-induced...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Atorvastatin on negative symptoms in patients with chronic schizophrenia. The study was a prospective, double-blind, 6-week trial. Forty patients participated in the study; 19 patients were assigned to the Atorvastatin group as well as 21 patients to the placebo group. For assessing negative signs, we used Scale for the Assessment of Negative...

Background & aim: Fatigue is one of the most common complaints among pregnant women. Reflexology can be used to reduce the symptoms of fatigue.The purpose of this study was to measure the impact of foot sole reflexology on the intensity of fatigue in the first half of pregnancy. Methods: This randomized clinical...

Background: In attention of increasing prevalence psychological problems, complications and consequences of hemodialies and important role of nurses in psychological support of patients, application of complementary therapies such as spirituality counseling is very important. Aim: This study investigates the effect of spirituality counseling on anxiety and depression in hemodialysis patient. Me...