The majority of acute HCV infections progress to chronicity, implying that the immune response is unable to clear virus in most instances. Reinfection with a second strain of HCV after clearance of an initial infection has been reported in several recent studies. Moreover, individuals with HCV infection may be at risk of HCV superinfection with a second strain of HCV even after the establishmen...

This paper has its origin in work done in a prisoner of war hospital camp in Siam. Under the prevailing condition of protein-starvation there the Van Slyke formulae for calculating urea clearance as a percentage of normal were found to be completely misleading. The only literature then available was a handbook of laboratory methods giving the bare routine of the test without indicating the sour...

M.K. Sethi et al. (eds.), Orthopedic Traumatology: An Evidence-Based Approach, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-3511-2_2, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) around IL28B are associated with spontaneous hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance of genotypes 1 and 3 in white and African-American populations. This study investigated whether the IL28B SNP (rs12979860) is associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV, principally genotype 4, in 162 Egyptians (80 with clearance). The protective C allele was more common in th...

In vitro–in vivo correlation (IVIVC) of intrinsic clearance in preclinical species of rat and dog was established using the hepatocyte relay method to support high-confidence prediction of human pharmacokinetics for low-clearance compounds. Good IVIVC of intrinsic clearance was observed for most of the compounds, with predicted values within 2-fold of the observed values. The exceptions involve...

In this study, pindolol, a j-adrenoceptor blocking agent marketed as a racemic mixture, was used as a model compounpl to investigate stereoselective renal clearance of organic cations in human beings. Six normal subjects received an oral dose of 20 mg racemic pindolol. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured throughout the study. A stereospecific high performance liquid chromatographic proc...

PURPOSE To study the clearance of a single dose of intravitreally injected moxifloxacin in rabbits. METHODS Intravitreal injections of 200 microg/0.1 mL of moxifloxacin were performed in rabbits. Four eyes per time interval after injection (1, 6, 12, 24, 36 hours) and three eyes at 48 hours were enucleated, immediately frozen, and placed at -80 degrees C. Ocular dissection and isolation of fr...

UNLABELLED Purpose To investigate the elimination rate of voriconazole after intravitreal injection in rabbits. METHODS Intravitreal injections of 35 microg/0.1 mL voriconazole were administered to rabbits. Vitreous and aqueous humor levels of voriconazole were determined at selected time intervals (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 hours), and the in vitreous half-life was calculated. Four to six e...

Two parts, each with two holes, are to be pinned together by some type of fastener. Nominally the holes on part 1 are to match the holes on part 2 and the fastener diameters should be smaller than the hole diameters. Due to variation in hole diameters, fastener diameters and hole center positions loose pinning of the two parts may no longer be possible. The problem considered here is to define ...