in this paper, we define and study the notion of the real-valued functions on a frame $l$. we show that $f(l) $, consisting of all frame homomorphisms from the power set of $mathbb{r}$ to a frame $ l$, is an $f$-ring, as a generalization of all functions from a set $x$ into $mathbb r$. also, we show that $f(l) $ is isomorphic to a sub-$f$-ring of $mathcal{r}(l)$, the ring of real-valued continu...

abstract determining saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks) is one of the important soil characteristics that its estimation is important in soil and water studies. there are several methods for estimating ks in unsaturated conditions. these methods include the inversed-auger-hole method, the double-ring infiltrometer and the single-ring pressure infiltrometer. the measurement of ks by these met...

Skin hygiene, particularly of the hands, is a primary mechanism for reducing contact and fecal-oral transmission of infectious agents. Widespread use of antimicrobial products has prompted concern about emergence of resistance to antiseptics and damage to the skin barrier associated with frequent washing. This article reviews evidence for the relationship between skin hygiene and infection, the...

Millions of people, most of whom are children in developing countries, die of basic hygiene-related diseases every year. Interventions in hygiene, sanitation and water supply have been shown to control disease burden. Universal access to improved water sources and basic sanitation remains elusive but is an important long-term goal. Studies have shown that improving the microbiological quality o...

A cytogenetic study was carried out on 359 clean-up workers who worked at the Chernobyl station in 1986-1989. The investigation was performed 6-12 years after irradiation. Chromosome type damages, i.e. double fragments, dicentrics and rings were significantly increased in the cleanup workers compared to the control. Chromatid exchanges were found only in the clean-up workers. A temporal change ...

Using dendroisotopic techniques, we show the recovery of Juniperus virginiana L. (eastern red cedar) trees in the Central Appalachian Mountains from decades of acidic pollution. Acid deposition over much of the 20th century reduced stomatal conductance of leaves, thereby increasing intrinsic water-use efficiency of the Juniperus trees. These data indicate that the stomata of Juniperus may be mo...