Defining disease status in population-based studies is often challenging, particularly when disease status changes between active and non-active stages. Migraine is a typical example of a fluctuating disease as its frequency and clinical features can vary considerably during one’s lifespan (1). In general, the data show that the vast majority of patients have an onset of their migraine in child...

IMPORTANCE Migraine is a common disorder and a frequent cause of medical consultation in children. Many childhood episodic syndromes have been described as common precursors of migraine. OBJECTIVE To review current knowledge on migraine and childhood episodic syndromes, and to discuss future directions for research and clinical practice. FINDINGS For most children it is difficult to describ...

by RIChARd KENdALL Using various education and census databases 1 this policy brief explores the Latino education pipeline in New York State and, where possible, uses disaggregated data to analyze the changes in educational enrollment, attainment, and achievement for Latinos between 1990 and 2000. The education pipeline represents the distribution of Latinos nrolled in preschool through graduat...

background: migraine is a chronic  neurological  disorder, characterized  by recurrent  moderate to severe headaches. worldwide migraine a=ects nearly 15%. studies suggest that genes involved in the production of nitric oxide (no) may act as genetic  factors for migraine. no synthase  3 (nos3) by expressing  enzyme nos regulates  endothelial  derived no. one  class of  medications   used  as  f...

Migraine is a disabling neurological disorder, diagnosis of which based on clinical criteria. A shortcoming these criteria that they do not fully capture the heterogeneity migraine, including underlying genetic and neurobiological factors. This complexity has generated momentum for biomarker research to improve disease characterisation identify novel drug targets. In this Series paper, we prese...

The cause and pathophysiology of migraine are not well understood. Over the years research into migraine pathophysiology has focused on the physiology and pharmacology of the headache, the changes in cerebral cortex associated with the symptoms of the aura, and more recently the genetics underlying the migraine syndromes. In this discussion, the neuroanatomical structures activated during migra...

Until now, the diagnosis of “migraine” is exclusively clinical, and any diagnostic tests are aimed only at excluding other causes of headache [4]. There are also problems with migraine treatment and although both traditional analgesics and specific anti-migraine products are available in the market, treatment of migraine patients is still not sufficiently effective. For example, specific anti-m...

We conducted a postal survey to assess the prevalence and characteristics of neuropathic pain and migraine in a cohort of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Of the 1300 questionnaires sent, 673 could be used for statistical analysis. Among the respondents, the overall pain prevalence in the previous month was 79%, with 51% experiencing pain with neuropathic characteristics (NCs) and 46% migraine...