Eubrachyurans are currently divided into two subsections based on the anatomical position of the seminal duct termini. Heterotremes have the seminal ducts passing through the pereiopod 5 coxae, emerging externally in the form of “penes” to contact the basal segments of the gonopods. Thoracotrematous crabs, on the other hand, have the “male openings” located on sternite 8 and the ejaculatory duc...

A cladistic analysis of the digger wasp subfamily Bembicinae based on morphological characters is presented. The underlying data matrix comprises 83 terminal taxa (coded on genus-level) and 64 morphological characters. The resulting strict consensus tree was used as the basis for a revised tribal and subtribal classification of the Bembicinae. Based on a previously published classification, we ...

Abstract The family Polymitarcyidae, with a worldwide distribution, includes mayflies large burrowing nymphs. South America harbors the highest diversity of this family, including subfamilies Asthenopodinae and Campsurinae. In work, three new species belonging to genera Tortopsis Tortopus (Campsurinae) are described based on adults nymphs from Colombia: toro sp. nov. , andaki coreguaje Addition...

Although many of the goals and concepts of qualitative morphological analysis and morphometrics are similar, systematists have largely rejected the use of morphometric methods in phylogenetic analysis on a variety of grounds. This review finds that (1) the concepts of a cladistic character and a morphometric variable are essentially identical, (2) morphometric methods can be instrumental in dis...

Over the past 20 years several studies have attempted to clarify orangutan systematics based on DNA sequences and karyological and morphological data; however, the systematic and phylogenetic relationships among orangutan taxa remain controversial. Surprisingly, few systematic studies have used data from wild-living orangutans of exactly known provenance. Furthermore, most of these studies pool...