Lehninger (1945) has shown that the initiation of fatty acid oxidation in cell-free preparations of animal tissues must be accompanied by oxidative phosphorylation. Grafflin & Green (1949) considered that the co-oxidation of a citric-acid cycle intermediate is also necessary to provide oxaloacetic acid to condense with the two-carbon fragments formed in the breakdown of fatty acids. The condens...

During malolactic fermentation in wine by Oenococcus oeni, the degradation of citric acid was delayed compared to the degradation of malic acid. The maximum concentration of diacetyl, an intermediary compound in the citric acid metabolism with a buttery or nutty flavor, coincided with the exhaustion of malic acid in the wine. The maximum concentration of diacetyl obtained during malolactic ferm...

In order to enhance bioactive functionalities of ginseng, an acid impregnation processing was applied as a pre-treatment in producing red ginseng. Acid impregnation studies were conducted, and acids (ascorbic, malic, and citric acid) were selected. The optimal concentration of each acid was investigated in this study in terms of ginsenoside contents. The most concerned ginsenoside, Rg3 was incr...

Influences of phenol, α-naphtol and β-naphtol, which are toxic chemicals, on citric acid biosynthesis and biomass in the artificial culture setting of Aspergillus niger using batch fermenter are examined in the most favorable fermentation conditions, and a model is proposed. Addition of certain concentrations of phenol, α-naphtol and β-naphtol to the culture reduces the citric acid production. ...

Dymond's 1951 compost experiments with filter cake and Langebaan phosphate rock were continued in 1952. Composting increased the citric solubility of the phosphoric oxide in the rock, although not to .the same extent as in the 1951 experiments. Citric solubility decreased with increasing quantities of phosphate rock. Field trials on sugar cane in Natal have been initiated to determine the avail...

a ) 400 MHz 1H-NMR spectrum at 300 K of citric acid; b) typical singlet state pattern obtained for t = 1 ms; c) singlet state pattern obtained for t = 3.5 s. The sequence, originally written for the AX case, was applied to the citric acid, an AA’BB’ four spin system. The CW decoupling was set to 3.5 kHz while the timing optimized to obtain the maximum population of the singlet state at the time...

The present series of experiments are an ex tension of in vivo studies on the metabolism of intermediates of the citric acid cycle and related compounds. In earlier studies it was found that acetate (4, 6, 11) and pyruvate (5) were not actively metabolized by the citric acid cycle in tumors in vivo. Acetate was not activated, and pyruvate was converted largely to lactate. Recent studies have in...

Background: White button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is a sensitive agricultural crop whose antioxidant properties are decreased during postharvest storage. In this study, the effect of citric acid dipping treatment on bioactive components and antioxidant properties of sliced button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) was investigated. Methods: Fresh mushrooms soaked in chilled citric acid soluti...

The efficiency of treating citric acid effluent by green algae Chlorella was investigated. With the highest growth rate, Chlorella vulgaris C9-JN2010 that could efficiently remove nutrients in the citric acid effluent was selected for scale-up batch experiments under the optimal conditions, where its maximum biomass was 1.04 g l(-1) and removal efficiencies of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, t...