Citrate has been recommended as the first-line anticoagulant for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in critically ill patients. Compared with heparin, citrate anticoagulation is safer and more efficacious. Citrate inhibits the coagulation cascade by lowering the ionized calcium (iCa) concentration in the filter. Monitoring of systemic iCa concentrations is inherent to the protocol, and...

Citrate metabolism by Enterococcus faecium FAIR-E 198, an isolate from Greek Feta cheese, was studied in modified MRS (mMRS) medium under different pH conditions and glucose and citrate concentrations. In the absence of glucose, this strain was able to metabolize citrate in a pH range from constant pH 5.0 to 7.0. At a constant pH 8.0, no citrate was metabolized, although growth took place. The ...

Citrate is a key regulatory metabolic intermediate as it facilitates the integration of the glycolysis and lipid synthesis pathways. Inhibition of hepatic extracellular citrate uptake, by blocking the sodium-coupled citrate transporter (NaCT or SLC13A5), has been suggested as a potential therapeutic approach to treat metabolic disorders. NaCT transports citrate from the blood into the cell coup...

A series of experiments was performed to test the proposal of others that citrate cleavage enzyme (EC 4.1.3.8) regulates the rate of fatty acid synthesis in rat liver. The results show that, in recovery from fasting, fatty acid synthesis increased markedly without change in citrate cleavage enzyme activity. After the administration of alloxan, fatty acid synthesis decreased prior to any change ...

Formation of a bienzyme complex of pig heart mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase in a buffered system is demonstrated by means of a covalently attached fluorescent probe to citrate synthase. Assuming 1:1 stoichiometry of the enzymes in the complex, an apparent dissociation constant of 10(-6) M was calculated from fluorescence anisotropy measurements. The effect of various me...

Twisted stainless steel wires are used as wire electrodes for electrospinning the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/zinc citrate nanofiber mats. The morphology and diameter of the nanofibers in PVA/zinc citrate nanofiber mats are evaluated. We measured the antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) of the nanofiber mats. We also examined the cell adhes...

introduction: abusing drugs such as morphine continues to be a serious medical and social problem. defining a habit that increases the devastating effect such as compulsive use and craving is necessary. methods: this experiment was designed in four groups 1) group-housed (gh) 2) isolation 3) group-housed morphine-treated (ghmt) (4) isolated-housed morphine-treated (ihmt). rats were received mor...

The aim of the present investigation was to compare Tyrode’s albumin lactate pyruvate (TALP) medium and TRIS citrate medium for capacitation of caprine sperm. In experiment 1 capacitation was assessed by chlortetracycline assay and in experiment 2 with in vitro fertilization and embryo development. In experiment 2, cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) recovered by slicing the caprine ovaries were ma...