The optimization of value streams inmanufacture will always present alternative solutions to planners as a result of the interdependencies between all the optimization parameters. In the search for an ideal value stream in terms of cost and benefit, relevant monetary and non-monetary parameters have to be considered. The method introduced describes a mathematical calculation bringing different ...

A local and temporal separated manufacturing becomes possible, which can enhance the economic efficiency of the production. Complex products such as spacecraft, large CNC Machine, large compressor face challenges in their development process. The cloud manufacturing which is based on the development of cloud computing and Internet of Things system makes the collaborative manufacturing process o...

A robust product design can be characterized in many ways, but perhaps the most direct definition is the design that maximizes the profitability for the company while consistently meeting all of the expectations of the customer. For the mechanical specifications of the design “robust” typically means using the least expensive manufacturing processes available, processes that are most often asso...

Automation has been one of the key drivers of the modern Manufacturing Industry and it has been present in various forms from the beginning of the industrial era until today passing through different evolutions responding to human’s needs. Therefore automation and the manufacturing industry have undergone several paradigm changes in the last century. They were driven by the market conditions an...

Changes in gene expression associated with skeletal muscle atrophy due to aging are distinct from those due to disuse, suggesting that the response of old muscle to inactivity may be altered. The goal of this study was to identify changes in muscle gene expression that may contribute to loss of adaptability of old muscle. Muscle atrophy was induced in young adult (6-mo) and old (32-mo) male Bro...

Modern aircraft are more integrated with advanced systems functionalities, which result in ever-increasing aircraft complexity, further development difficulties and development delays. These system complexities are mostly in the form of system interactions that make it difficult to understand the overall system characteristics. At the early stages of final assembly line (FAL) design, one of the...

Engineering companies face the challenge of developing complex Engineering Design Systems. These systems involve huge financial, people, and time investments within an environment that is characterised by continuously changing technologies and processes. Systems architecture provides the strategies and modelling approaches to ensure that adequate resources are spent in developing the possible T...

The topic of ‘Industry 4.0’ has become increasingly popular in manufacturing and academia since it was first published. Under this trending topic, researchers and manufacturing companies have pointed out many related capabilities required by current manufacturing systems, such as automation, interoperability, consciousness, and intelligence. Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the most popula...

Product platforms are commonly used in industries with complex products and high competition like the car and truck industry to allow a customer to order a product that satisfy its unique needs. A consequence of product variety is that manufacturing and assembly processes need to deal with this variety as well. If the variety is low and changes of the product occur infrequently then the variety...