A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) tolerant to process variations at lower supply voltage was proposed. The circuit consists of an on-chip threshold-voltage-monitoring circuit, a current-source circuit, a bodybiasing control circuit, and the delay cells of the VCO. Because variations in low-voltage VCO frequency are mainly determined by that of the current in delay cells, a current-compensat...

The violent event of a short-circuit leads to short-term exposure of circuit breaker components to extremely high current, causing thermal degradation, vaporization and deformation of some components and the deposition of surface contaminants. After short-circuit, the leakage current carried by the breaker, when voltage is applied, increases dramatically but must remain below a certain threshol...

AbstractIn this paper, a low-voltage current mirror with neuron MOSFETs is proposed. The proposed circuit can decrease a variation of an output current of the current mirror by monitoring an error of the output current caused by the mismatch of MOSFETs. In addition, the proposed circuit can avoid a trade-off between an accuracy and an output swing. The proposed circuit is fabricated in phenitec...

A versatile precision rectifier based on a current conveyor and current mirrors is presented. The proposed circuit performs positive half-wave, negative half-wave, positive full-wave, and negative full-wave rectification into a single circuit. The current-mode technique has been employed to provide the high-precision capability of the circuit. The circuit configuration is very suitable for inte...

The charge-pump circuit is an important component in a phase-locked loop (PLL). The charge-pump converts Up and Down signals from the phase/frequency detector (PFD) into current. A conventional CMOS charge-pump circuit consists of two switched current sources that pump charge into or out of the loop filter according to two logical inputs. The mismatch between the charging current and the discha...

=AbstractSingle-stage current-source charge-pump powerfactor-correction (SS CS-CPPFC) electronic ballast employs charge-pump concept to obtain high power factor with low cost. However, the circuit has a poor lamp current crest factor and large lamp output power variation, which deteriorates the lamp life. Feed-forward and/or feedback circuit are usually used to deal with these problems at the p...

Abstract In this paper, a current-mode square/triangular wave is presented. Due to operation in current-mode, the proposed circuit provides a wide frequency response, a low supply voltage, low power consumption and electronic controllability. Thus, it is very suitable for use in portable and battery-powered equipments. The proposed square/triangular wave generator consists of merely current mod...

We present a formula of short-circuit power dissipation for static CMOS logic gates. By representing shortcircuit current by a piece-wise linear function and considering a current owing from input node to output node through gate capacitances, the accuracy is improved signi cantly. The error of our formula in a CMOS inverter is less than 15% from circuit simulation in many cases of our experime...

tellurium (te) nanostructures have been successfully synthesized via a simple hydrothermal methodfrom the reaction of a tecl4 aqueous solution with thioglycolic acid (tga) as a reductant. tga can be easily oxidized to the corresponding disulfide [sch2co2h]2, which in turn can reduce tecl4 to te. the obtained te was characterized by xrd, sem, eds, and drs. the effect of reducing agent on morphol...