The development of macromodels of differential drivers for the prediction of the analogue operation of very high-speed digital communication links is explored. The macromodels are mathematical relations hiding the information on the internal structure of devices; they are estimated from port device responses and can be easily implemented in any circuit or analogue mixed-signal simulator as SPIC...

Conventional speech recognition systems require as input a sequence of acoustic vectors coding the relevant features of the speech signal. On the other hand the biological cochlea (inner ear) processes the speech signal to extract a neural coding suited for the higher levels of the brain. The background idea of this article is to interface an analogue electronic model of the cochlea with a stat...

Supply Current Testing (IDDQ) has become an important defect oriented test strategy for digital IC products. The technique takes advantage of the low quiescent supply current drawn by static CMOS circuits relative to the current consumption during state changes. However, in analogue and mixed signal IC’s this condition can rarely be observed, as in most circuits, steady state currents depend on...

In the theory of classical matroids, there are several known equivalent axiomatic systems that define a matroid, which described as matroid cryptomorphisms . A q -matroid is -analogue where subspaces play role subsets in theory. this article we establish -matroids. doing so highlight difference between and its -analogue. We introduce comprehensive set axiom show them existing -matroid. These ax...

In ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injured hearts, severe oxidative stress occurs and is associated with intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) overload. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues have been shown to exert cardioprotection in I/R heart. However, there is little information regarding the effects of GLP-1 analogue on the intracellular Ca(2+) regulation in the presence of oxidative stress. There...

outdoor experiments on a once-through single glazed solar air heater with perforated metal absorber plate were conducted to determine the practical effect of absorber plate porosity as well as suction air flow rate on the collector thermal efficiency and its total pressure drop. three aluminum absorber plates were made perforated by drilling circular holes with different diameter/pitch ratios i...

In this research work, a copper bismuth oxide- (CuBi2O4-) based thin-film solar cell has been proposed for the lead and toxic-free (Al/ITO/TiO2/CuBi2O4/Mo) structure simulated in SCAPS-1D software. The main aim of work to make an ecofriendly highly efficient cell. absorber layer CuBi2O4, buffer TiO2, electron transport (ETL) ITO have used simulation. performance suggested photovoltaic devices w...

An approach to integrated mixed-mode simulation is described in which the popular SPICE circuit simulator is extended to analyze digital circuits at the gate, functional or behavioral levels. The analogue-to-digital conversion is provided by (multilevel) parameterized “thresholders” which assign digital signals to subranges of voltages determined by a set of voltage thresholds. The digitalto-an...

The enhancement of the fill factor in current generation perovskite solar cells is key for further efficiency improvement. Thus, methods to quantify losses are urgently needed. Two presented due finite resistance semiconducting layers cell as well its contacts. first method based on comparison between voltage dark and under illumination analyzed at equal recombination density results a voltage-...