BACKGROUND The prevalence of tobacco use, both cigarette smoking and smokeless, including iqmik (homemade smokeless tobacco prepared with dried tobacco leaves mixed with alkaline ash), and of tobacco-related cancer is high in Alaskan Native people (AN). To investigate possible mechanisms of increased cancer risk we studied levels of nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) in tobacco p...

The relationship between adolescent and parental drug use was assessed among 8,865 Toronto students. A positive association was found between parental use of psychoactive drugs, alcohol, and tobacco, as reported by students and student psychoactive and hallucinogenic drug use. The relationship was strongest when students and parents both used psychoactive drugs. A family pattern, characterized ...

Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant pharmacologically related to amphetamines frequently used in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. Haemorrhagic stroke is a rare but well-known potential side-effect of amphetamine abuse, however, cerebral ischaemia has been reported casuistically (Rothrock et al., 1988). Here, we present incidence of a reversible i...

The effect of cigarette smoking on salivary antipyrine disappearance rate, and as an index of hepatic drug metabolism, was studied in 42 healthy subjects. Antipyrine half life was significantly shorter in smokers compared with non-smokers. To determine whether this difference was due solely to tobacco consumption eight subjects were restudied two months after they stopped smoking. The mean anti...

Introduction Despite the release of secret documents showing that many tobacco industry scientists and oYcials have long considered nicotine to be addictive, some industry executives still insist that smoking is just a habit that should not be classified with other forms of drug dependency. In April 1999, cigarette manufacturer Brown & Williamson unveiled a web site ...

INTRODUCTION This paper reports on the prevalence, factors and patterns of cigarette smoking among rural California American Indian (AI) adults. METHODS Thirteen Indian health clinic registries formed the random household survey sampling frame (N = 457). Measures included socio-demographics, age at smoking initiation, intention to quit, smoking usage, smoking during pregnancy, health effects ...

BACKGROUND The electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) industry has grown in size and organizational complexity in recent years, most notably with the entry of major tobacco companies in 2012 and the proliferation of vape shops. Many brands maintain retail websites that present e-cigarette marketing claims and sell directly to consumers. Understanding of the evolving composition of different types o...

background: the present study was designed to determine the risk factors that lead to bango abuse among secondary school student and drivers in assiut province. subjects and method: urine samples were taken from 1000 volunteers after filling a questionnaire, 500 students from different secondary schools and 500 drivers in assiut province. the risk factors that lead to bango abuse among drivers ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of e-cigarettes, by comparing users of only e-cigarettes, smokers of only tobacco cigarettes and dual users. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. We update previous 12-month findings and report the results of the 24-month follow-up. DATA SOURCES Direct contact and questionnaires by phone or via internet. METHODS Adults (30-75 years) were clas...

Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States, resulting in approximately 480,000 premature deaths and more than $300 billion in direct health care expenditures and productivity losses each year (1). In recent years, cigarette smoking prevalence has declined in many states; however, there has been relatively little change in the prevalence of current smo...