Microbiological analysis of overburden samples collected from chromite mining areas of Orissa, India revealed that they are rich in microbial density as well as diversity and dominated by Gram-negative (58%) bacteria. The phenotypically distinguishable bacterial isolates (130) showed wide degree of tolerance to chromium (2-8 mM) when tested in peptone yeast extract glucose agar medium. Isolates...

The European Union has banned chromium(VI) compounds in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), such as chromate conversion coating films. Chromium(III) compounds are not banned. Using Raman spectroscopy without any preparation, we distinguished chromium(VI) oxide from chromium(III) oxide and chromium(III) hydroxide in chromate conversion coating films. Raman bands of chromium(VI) oxide were...

The kidney is the principal route of excretion of the essential trace element chromium. Previous studies suggest that five to 40 percent of plasma chromium (III) is ultrafilterable and that 60 to 95 percent of filtered chromium is reabsorbed in the renal tubule. However, less than five percent of a stable Cr (III)-EDTA chelate is reabsorbed; therefore, this complex has been used to measure glom...

A chromium (Cr) coating was fabricated on 45 steel by electrodeposition with a trivalent–chromium (Cr3+) electrolyte. The morphologies and element distributions of the obtained were analyzed using scanning electronic microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, atomic force x-ray diffraction, photoelectron spectroscopy. effects normal load sliding speed tribological performance Cr friction teste...

Our aim was to investigate the adverse effects of occupational exposure to trivalent chromium. We measured chromium and iron levels in serum and urine and hemoglobin levels in tannery workers and unexposed persons. We studied three groups of subjects. Group 1 included 15 non-smoking male tannery workers highly exposed to chromium from tanning and retanning departments. Group 2 included 14 non-s...

In this paper recent semi-batch chromium sludge processing is compared with batch processing by simulation means mainly. A possible time and/or power consumption reduction using these two techniques is monitored to optimize the process. The process itself is strongly exothermic so the temperature control is necessary to keep the temperature under critical temperature point.

Chromium occurs in the environment primarily in two valence states, trivalent chromium (Cr III) and hexavalent chromium (Cr VI). Exposure may occur from natural or industrial sources of chromium. Chromium III is much less toxic than chromium (VI). The respiratory tract is also the major target organ for chromium (III) toxicity, similar to chromium (VI). Chromium (III) is an essential element in...

A novel struvite–humic acid composite (S–HA) was derived from an anaerobic digestate and evaluated for the adsorption reduction of chromium [Cr (VI)] in this study. The results indicated that contains higher contents oxygen-containing aromatic functional groups (47.05% 34.13%, respectively) a specific surface area (19.3 m2 g−1). These special characteristics S–HA contributed to its capacity (20...

Article history: Received 16 September 2010 Received in revised form 22 December 2010 Available online 10 February 2011