The new types of knowledge-intensive, multilayer containers consist of steel plates protected against corrosion by nanometric electrolytic chromium (Cr0) and chromium oxide (Cr2O3) layers chemically bonded to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer coating to preserve food. It was observed that after emptying the cans, the salmon adhered to the polymer coating, changing its color, and that thi...

Water is second most essential for human being. Contamination of water makes it unsuitable for human consumption. Chromium ion is released to water bodies from various industries having high toxicity which affects the biota life in these waters. In this study aluminum oxide hydroxide was tested for its efficiency to remove trivalent chromium from aqueous solutions through batch mode experiments...

Grate bar is an industrial part which is used in the indurating furnace of an iron ore pelletizing plant. Steel part ofthe grate bars are expected to have high resistance to atmospheric oxidation because of its contact with hot gases(up to 920 °C) during the normal operation of the process. In this study, different samples from several sections ofused grate bars with apparent ...

Copper promotion of chromium-doped iron oxide prepared via co-precipitation for high-temperature water–gas shift (WGS) catalysis is investigated. Low-temperature Mössbauer spectra demonstrate that copper doping delays hematite (?-Fe2O3) formation in the fresh catalyst, favoring small crystallites ferrihydrite (Fe5HO8?4 H2O). Catalysts are treated under industrial WGS conditions at 360 °C (activ...

The increasing demand on high quality optical systems with complex geometries, low tolerances and a low installation space necessitates new replicative production systems for complex optical glass elements. The technology precision blank moulding shows promising properties to comply with these demands on an industrial bulk production. Due to the required high surface quality and low surface rou...

The in vivo binding of chromium to whole chromatin, polynucleosomes, DNA, and cytoplasmic RNA-protein fraction from liver and kidney was examined after treatment of rats with sodium dichromate and chromium(III) chloride. Significant amounts of chromium were bound to DNA and the nonhistone proteins of chromatin and to cytoplasmic RNA-protein fraction. The binding of chromium to the nuclear and c...

When constructing a beam dump for fusion device, one faces several challenges and constrictions: It must be vacuum compatible, resistant to temperatures radiation, should neither gas out nor deteriorate, take up as less space possible obviously also absorb microwave radiation well. As candidates, the group of ceramic metal oxide layers have been suggested, from which three different material sy...

Chromium is present in the environment in several different forms. The most common forms are chromium(0), chromium(III) (or trivalent chromium) and chromium(VI) (or hexavalent chromium). Chromium(III) occurs naturally in the environment and is an essential nutrient that helps the human body utilize sugar, protein and fat. Chromium(VI) and chromium(0) are generally produced by industrial process...

A combined X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-fight secondary ion mass spectrometry and electrochemical approach was used to investigate the mechanisms of molybdenum chromium enrichment a passive film formed on model austenitic stainless steel single crystal in aqueous acid media effect that thermal pre-oxidation at 250°C plays composition, thickness stratification film. clean FeCrNiMo (...

Thermodynamic properties of chromium oxide in molten slags are essential to optimizing stainless steel refining processes and reduction ores. The present study conducts chemical equilibrium experiments at 1823 K (1550°C) under different oxygen partial pressures order investigate activity coefficient CaO–CaF2–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–MnO–CrOx with low content taking the effect MgO addition into considerat...