The gas-liquid chromatography of 2-chloroethyl derivatives of short- and long-chain monocarboxylic acids, and of short-chain dicarboxylic acids and aldehydes has been studied with a dual-flame ionization detector that provided simultaneous records of the concentrations of chlorine and of total organic material in the column effluent. The chloroethyl derivatives of dicarboxylic acids and aldehyd...

Gas phase treatments of dry-fiberized newsprint were investigated as a way to impmve intefibre bonding and thereby to minimize the use of water for recycling newsprint. Chlorine dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone were studied as gaseous oxidizing agents. The report includes the results of an optimization study for the ozone treatment and results of experiments designed to establish the mechan...

or uncombined, is beneficial in cholera. In the case under notice the black oxide of manganese was not used, therefore the gas obtained, I should have mentioned, was hydrochloric acid and not chlorine. Had black oxide of manganese been available at the time, it would have been employed, for the element in an uncombined form would be more potent than in a combined form. The carbonate of soda was...

LEVEL: INTERMEDIATE L ast month, Part 1 of this article discussed some proven applications of chlorine dioxide (CD) gas and solutions as cleaning/sterilizing agents for isolators, process vessels, filter membranes, water systems, hard surfaces, and cleanrooms. Potential applications were also described, including the production of sterilized water from USP-grade water; sanitization of chromatog...

Volume mixing ratio (vmr) vertical profiles of hydrogen chloride (HCl) are retrieved from in situ measurements performed by a balloon-borne infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (SPIRALE) during two balloon flights in the tropics (Teresina, Brazil, 5.1 S–42.9 W) in June 2005 and June 2008. HCl vertical profiles obtained from 15 to 31 km are presented and analysed to estimate the ...

Disinfection is a mainstay of infection prevention, the importance which was highlighted throughout SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. There frequent misuse terminology surrounding chlorine solutions in literature. This leads not only to confusion but has potentially dangerous outcomes, as inappropriate mixing with other disinfectants or cleaning can lead release gas. article provides resource for accurate c...

Stratospheric ozone depletion through catalytic chemistry involving man-made chlorofluorocarbons is an area of focus in the study of geophysics and one of the global environmental issues of the twentieth century. This review presents a brief history of the science of ozone depletion and describes a conceptual framework to explain the key processes involved, with a focus on chemistry. Observatio...

Chlorine dioxide was produced by the reduction of chlorate with hydrogen peroxide in strongly acidic media. To avoid reaction interference during measuring procedures, UV spectra were acquired to monitor reduction. This led formation chlorine and notable concentrations chlorite hypochlorous acid/chlorine, suggesting that peroxide:chlorate ratio is important. Once chlorates are transformed dioxi...

We present a software application, SolEx, to calculate basaltic melt and coexisting vapour compositions in the system C–O–H–S–Cl. Such a model has great utility in interpreting emitted gas and melt inclusion compositions, especially through the incorporation of sulphur and chlorine, the most commonly measured volcanic gas species. We assume that the behaviour of the fluid phase is controlled by...

Four types of biomass (chicken waste, wood pellets, coffee residue, and tobacco stalks) were cofired at 30 wt % with a U.S. sub-bituminous coal (Powder River Basin Coal) in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed combustor. A cyclone, followed by a quartz filter, was used for fly ash removal during tests. The temperatures of the cyclone and filter were controlled at 250 and 150 degrees C, respectively...