Isothermal ternary diffusion coefficients for the system lysozyme chloride (1)+NH4Cl (2)+H2O at 258C and pH 4.5 have been measured interferometrically for five mean NH4Cl concentrations, C2 1⁄4 0:25, 0.5, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5M, with C1 1⁄4 0:6mM. The main-term diffusion coefficient ðD11Þv varies slowly with C2. The main-term ðD22Þv increases with increasing NH4Cl concentration, as does the binary D...

The three proteins that constitute anthrax toxin self-assemble into toxic complexes after one of these proteins, protective antigen (PA), binds to tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8) or capillary morphogenesis protein 2 (CMG2) cellular receptors. The toxin receptor complexes are internalized, and acidic endosomal pH triggers pore formation by PA and translocation of the catalytic subunits into th...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Differences among models in the temporal evolution of ischemia after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats may considerably influence the results of experimental stroke research. Using diffusion and perfusion imaging, we compared the spatiotemporal evolution of ischemia in Sprague Dawley rats after permanent suture MCAO (sMCAO; n=8) and embolic MCAO (eMCAO; n=8)...

The NALP3 inflammasome is activated by low intracellular potassium concentrations [K(+)](i), leading to the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. However, the mechanism of [K(+)](i) lowering after phagocytosis of monosodium urate crystals is still elusive. Here, we propose that endosomes containing monosodium urate crystals fuse with acidic lysosomes. The low pH in the phagolysosome ...

A reduction of resting chloride conductance (GCl) and a decrease of the voltage threshold for contraction are observed during aging in rat skeletal muscle. The above alterations are also observed in muscle of adult rat after taurine depletion. As lower levels of taurine were found by others in aged rats compared to young rats, we tested the hypothesis that a depletion of taurine may contribute ...

Patch clamp measurements of excised inside-out patches of Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane reveal at least two ion channels which conduct either potassium or chloride. The conductance of the potassium channel ranged from 5 to 70 picosiemens depending on KCl concentration. The conductance increased linearly with increasing cytoplasmic-side [KCl]; the extent of this dependence declined as ext...

The taste thresholds of caged cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) for aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, citric acid, and sucrose were studied using two-choice taste-preference tests. The effects of location on the threshold were tested by putting the flavored solution in either the preferred or non-preferred locations (i.e. sides of cages) and offering water in the opposite location. Four pa...

Chloride induced corrosion in concrete is a well-known issue. Although numerous researchers have attempted to quantify the chloride threshold limits (CT) in different concrete systems (with little consensus), the issue of allowable admixed chlorides (CA) in concrete is still very much unresolved. For example, The CA limits specified by the American Concrete Institute (ACI) committees range from...

The phosphine complexes of beryllium chloride, bromide and iodide, [(PMe2Ph)2BeX2], [(PMePh2)2BeX2] [(PPh3)BeX2]2 (X = Cl, Br, I) were prepared characterised with multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. Additionally the molecular structure dinuclear [(PPh3)BeCl2]2 was determined single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. threshold cone angle phosphines, below which two ligands can coordinate to dihali...

Introduction: Most common glioma tumors are tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) which are the cause of about 40 to 50 percent of brain tumors. This type of cancer includes 2 to 3 percent of cancers in the world. Conventional MRI is powerless in the detection and differentiation of benign and malignant tumors. In this case, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) can create cont...