OBJECTIVES To measure the levels of exposure to nitrogen trichloride (NCl3) in the atmosphere of indoor swimming pools and to examine how they relate to irritant and chronic respiratory symptoms, indices of pulmonary function, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in lifeguards working in the pools. METHOD 334 lifeguards (256 men; 78 women) recruited from 46 public swimming pools ...

The goal was to evaluate the associations between testicular hormones at adolescence and the exposure to chlorination by-products when attending chlorinated swimming pools. We obtained serum samples from 361 school male adolescents (aged 14-18years) who had visited swimming pools disinfected with chlorine or by copper-silver ionization. We analysed serum concentrations of inhibin B (two differe...

*Corresponding author: Mailing address: Division of Epidemiology, Chiba Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 662-2 Nitonacho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8715, Japan. Tel: +81-43-266-7996, Fax: +81-43-265-5544, E-mail: [email protected] Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal disease initiated by ingestion of Cryptosporidium oocysts. The incubation period is 2 -10 days, and the chief symptom is water...

Concentrations of ammonia and the chlorine stabilizer, cyanuric acid, which could be expected in swimming pools decreased the rate of kill by chlorine of the potential pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The effect of cyanuric acid increased as the concentration of chlorine decreased, a fact of significance from a public health view. Quaternary ammonium algcides had little effect on the kill rate...

OBJECTIVE To describe levels of pollutants found in indoor swimming pools in Guipúzcoa (Basque Country, Spain), both in the bathing water and in the air, and to study the association between these pollutants and other variables related to ventilation systems and the use of installations. METHODS Of the 35 indoor swimming pools registered in Guipúzcoa, the 20 most frequently used by swimmers w...

Recent studies suggest that swimming in chlorinated pools during infancy may increase the risks of lower respiratory tract infection. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of swimming in chlorinated pools on the risks of bronchiolitis and its late consequences. A total of 430 children (47% female; mean age 5.7 yrs) in 30 kindergartens were examined. Parents completed a questi...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this research was to study the epidemiology of paediatric near-drowning and drowning victims in Singapore so as to determine the risk factors that will guide drowning prevention strategies. METHODS A total of 38 children aged 0-16 years, who were managed in the Emergency Departments of the Singapore Health Services network or the Department of Forensic Medicine, Health...

Br J Sports Med 2012;46:402–406. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090821 402 ABSTRACT Elite competitive swimmers are particularly affected by airway disorders that are probably related to regular and intense training sessions in a chlorinated environment. Upper and lower airway respiratory symptoms, rhinitis, airway hyper-responsiveness, and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction are highly prevalent in...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether installation of swimming pools in remote Aboriginal communities reduces infection-related outpatient attendances and prescription of antibiotics. DESIGN AND SETTING Swimming pools were opened in Jigalong and Mugarinya, Western Australia, in September 2000. We examined local clinic records to document illnesses occurring in children and adolescents under 17 years...

Animals constantly make behavioral choices to facilitate moving efficiently through their environment. When faced with a threat, animals make decisions in the midst of other ongoing behaviors through a context-dependent integration of sensory stimuli. In vertebrates, the mechanisms underlying behavioral selection are poorly understood. Here, we show that ongoing swimming in zebrafish is suppres...