3 Material Inventory and Fundamental Chemical Processes in Disks 14 3.1 Inventory of Gas-Phase Molecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.1.1 Results from (Sub-)millimeter Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.1.2 Results from Far-Infrared Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.1.3 Results from Midand Near-Infrared Spectroscopy . . . . . . ...

The structures and chemical compositions of valve calcific deposits were investigated. The deposits was chosen arbitrarily and subjected to chemical analysis, observation with scanning microscope, semi-quantitative determination of Ca, Mg, Na, K, P and C elements by energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy carried out. These deposits were found to ...

Stimulation and propagation of an energetic material to a catastrophic explosive event could be described as a interactive transfer of mechanistic mechanical, physical, and chemical processes progressing through an "initiation train" sequence, which begins at the bulk material level, next proceeds into the microstructural regime, then to the molecular level, and finally reaches into the atomic ...

Usually the prediction of the lifetime of building materials is based on costly and time-consuming laboratory experiments. Numerical simulation of transport processes and the resulting chemical reactions in building materials is a versatile tool to estimate durability and corrosion processes of structures. Several studies exist on the characterization of reactions in porous building materials a...

Detailed information about graft material characteristic is crucial to evaluate their clinical outcomes. The present study evaluates the physico-chemical characteristics of two xenografts manufactured on an industrial scale deproteinized at different temperatures (non-sintered and sintered) in accordance with a protocol previously used in sinus lift procedures. It compares how the physico-chemi...

Identifying optimal conditions for chemical and material synthesis as well as optimizing the properties of the products is often much easier than simple reasoning would predict. The potential search space is infinite in principle and enormous in practice, yet optimal molecules, materials, and synthesis conditions for many objectives can often be found by performing a reasonable number of distin...

Protection of public and military personnel from chemical and biological warfareagents is an urgent and growing national security need. Along with this idea, we havedeveloped a novel class of fiber optic chemical sensors, for detection of toxic and biologicalmaterials. The design of these fiber optic sensors is based on a cladding modificationapproach. The original passive cladding of the fiber...

A large volume of CCA-treated wood removed from residential decks is disposed of in landfills every year, and better environmentally conscious alternatives are needed. Recycling CCA-treated wood from the decks could be a feasible alternative, but there is a lack of knowledge regarding the physical properties of the material. This research analyzed the chemical and mechanical properties of spent...

In a conceptual UK geological disposal facility for nuclear waste within a high-strength, crystalline geology, a cement-based backfill material, known as Nirex Reference Vault Backfill (NRVB), will be used to provide a chemical barrier to radionuclide release. The NRVB is required to have specific properties to fulfil the operational requirements of the geological disposal facility (GDF); these...