We have read the paper entitled “The Ocular Surface Chemical Burns” by M. Eslani et al. with great interest [1]. We congratulate the authors that they composed a thorough review with precious pearls and would like to make a contribution. In case of a chemical injury, if stromal nerve endings get seriously harmed, sensation and pain could be reduced. This would be in contradiction with the sever...

We report an unusual case of iris rubeosis and hyphema caused by chemical injury due to household detergent. A 74-year-old man with a 15-year history of diabetes mellitus was refilling a container with household detergent at home. He splashed the detergent in his eyes. Slit-lamp examination revealed extensive epithelial damage to the left eye, leading to a persistent corneal epithelial defect. ...

Hypoxia and/or ischemia are implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. In these diseases, hypoxia/ischemia may induce oxidative stress, including production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which result in a decrease in glutamate transporter expression. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as the third gasotransmitter, has neuroprotective effects and potent antioxidant properties. In the present study, we ...

Spine surgery is a continuously evolving field. Traditional posterior midline approaches to the lumbar spine are associated with muscle injury. Common mechanisms of injury include ischemia, denervation, and mechanical disruption of tendinous attachments of lumbar muscles. Muscle injury may be documented with chemical markers (creatinine kinase, aldolase, proinflammatory cytokines), by imaging s...

The emergency clinician is frequently called upon to treat burn wounds secondary to thermal, chemical, electrical, or radiation injury. Most burn wounds seen in veterinary medicine are relatively minor, possibly because animals with severe burns and smoke inhalation are less likely to be rescued from the scene of a house fire. However, life threatening burns and inhalation injury are being seen...

Tissue injury and inflammation result in release of various mediators that promote ongoing pain or pain hypersensitivity against mechanical, thermal and chemical stimuli. Pro-nociceptive mediators activate primary afferent neurons directly or indirectly to enhance nociceptive signal transmission to the central nervous system. Excitation of primary afferents by peripherally originating mediators...

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) occurs if the kidneys suddenly lose their ability to remove waste products. When the kidneys lose their ability to filter, dangerous levels of waste products can accumulate, which can upset the chemical composition of the blood and urine. Chemotherapy is one of the methods used to treat or temporarily reduce cancer by using certain medications. The main task of this tr...