Spontaneous antispiral wave formation was observed during the simulation of typical reaction-diffusion systems using differential equations models. The equations for the FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN), complex Ginzburg-Landau (CGL) and the two-variable Oregonator models were integrated using Runge-Kutta methods. It was found that antispiral waves can occur only near the Hopf bifurcation, i.e. the point ...

In this experiment we prepare soap from animal fat (lard) or vegetable oil. Animal fats and vegetable oils are esters of carboxylic acids; they have a high molecular weight and contain the alcohol, glycerol. Chemically, these fats and oils are called triglycerides (See chapter 18 of your text). The principal acids in animal fats and vegetable oils can be prepared from the natural triglycerides ...

We present the adjoint of the global chemical transport model GEOS-Chem, focusing on the chemical and thermodynamic relationships between sulfate – ammonium – nitrate aerosols and their gas-phase precursors. The adjoint model is constructed from a combination of manually and automatically derived discrete adjoint algorithms and numerical solutions to continuous adjoint equations. Explicit inclu...

Materials failure, in the form of cracking, is a phenomenon of fundamental scientific interest and one that impacts a variety of applications spanning a wide range of fields, particularly those of materials science and engineering. Experiments have investigated extensively the macroscopic properties associated with cracking within homogeneous materials as well as at interfaces between dissimila...

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the structural properties of a new cyclic phosphor amide have been investigated in three methods and four basis sets and results have been compared with experimental data by spss. the best level for this type compound is hf/6-31++g** and with considering to this result, at this level, hyper chem input as initial geometry have been evaluated.