The enteric nervous system is formed by neural crest cells that proliferate, migrate and colonize the gut. Following colonization, neural crest cells must then differentiate into neurons with markers specific for their neurotransmitter phenotype. Cholinergic neurons, a major neurotransmitter phenotype in the enteric nervous system, are identified by staining for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)...

In vielen Lernszenarien und –plattformen wird Chat für die synchrone Kommunikation innerhalb einer Lerngruppe genutzt. Das Kommunikationsmedium Chat hat – wie alle Kommunikationsmedien – spezifische Vorund Nachteile, die bei der Auswahl dieses Mediums im Rahmen eines Lernszenarios zu berücksichtigen sind. Für die Beurteilung eines Chats, insbesondere inwieweit das tatsächliche Kommunikationsver...

Chat tools are an integral part of many collaborative e-learning environments. However, standard chat tools suffer from important coordination and coherence deficiencies. The solution proposed in this paper is a generic framework for building malleable structured chat applications. The paper discusses the approach and the main design decisions, emphasizing the importance of dynamic malleability...

How is Meaning Communicated through Online Instruction Importance of Synchronous Discussion Definition Importance Synchronous Discussion for TESOL Teachers Advantages and Disadvantages of Chat Groups Advantages Disadvantages Pedagogical Uses of Chat Groups Why Pedagogy Constructivism Synchronous Discussion as Mindtools Strategies for Facilitating Effective Chat Discussions Netiquette Assessing ...

Students encountering each other for the first time were asked to converse for 30 minutes either face-to-face or through online chat. Conversational quality was compared to examine the possibility that specific social differences in communicative style are reduced or erased in online chat. As expected, gender differences evident in face-to-face conversation were absent online. However, conversa...

This paper presents a taxonomy of errors in chat-oriented dialogue systems. Compared to human-human conversations and task-oriented dialogues, little is known about the errors made in chat-oriented dialogue systems. Through a data collection of chat dialogues and analyses of dialogue breakdowns, we classified errors and created a taxonomy. Although the proposed taxonomy may not be complete, thi...

While mentorship offers many benefits, student access to is often limited. In this paper, we introduce Compass, a chat platform where industry professionals mentor large cohorts of 30+ students with the support novel features that enable full engagement without typical chaos group chat. Specifically, conceptualize conversations as composed not only individual messages, but also multi-person con...

As networked digital communications proliferate in military operational command and control (C2), chat messaging is emerging as a preferred communications method for team coordination. Chat room logs provide a potentially rich source of data for analysis in after-action reviews, affording considerable insight into the decision-making processes among the training audience. The multitasking natur...

Acetylcholine has important epigenetic roles in the developing retina. In this study, cells that expressed choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme that synthesizes acetylcholine, were investigated in embryonic, postnatal, and adult turtle retinas by using immunofluorescence histochemistry. ChAT was present at stage 15 (S15) in cells near the vitreal surface. With the formation of the inner...

While the global discourse structure that describes how utterances are grouped into larger units of discourse has received much attention both in oral and in computermediated dialogues, the local structure (i. e. the structure of individual utterances) of chat conversations has not been previously studied in a psycholinguistic perspective. In this paper we explore some evidence of cognitive pro...