[1] Subtropical cells (STCs) connect subduction zones of the eastern subtropics of both hemispheres to the equatorial current systems via equatorward flow in the thermocline. Some of this thermocline water is converted back into warm near-surface water in the eastern equatorial cold tongue from whence it is exported poleward. Here we examine the export pathways from the cold tongue in the Atlan...

[1] Global upper ocean evolution in the Holocene is studied in two coupled ocean-atmosphere models under orbital forcing conditions at 3, 6, 8, and 11 ka. The annual mean sea surface temperature (SST) changes in the early to mid-Holocene are found to be forced mainly by the annual mean insolation forcing with an overall symmetric response of colder equator (<0.5 C)/warmer high latitudes (<0.4 C...

for stratification in the Southern Ocean and the resulting strength of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (in which it is generally thought that eddy fluxes are indeed a significant factor). Moreover, predictions for other ocean basins give reasonable thermocline structures, hinting that this concept has much wider applicability than in just the Southern Ocean, and that a complete thermocline th...

objectives: the object of this research was to investigate the «quality of life» and relation to demographic characteristics in elderly peopel of tehran. methods & materials: the method of this research was a descriptive-correlation. in this research 243 of elder were selected with accessible sampling from people who referred to elder centers, cultural centers, and public parks in deferent dist...

Changes in surface wind stress can have a strong influence on the ocean circulation and, hence, on climate. Our focus here is on variations of tropical winds and their impact on the global mean surface temperature (GMST) on time scales from months to decades. The smallness of Coriolis parameter near the equator implies that even small changes in the local winds can translate into large changes ...