Background: The role of nitric oxide (NO) of endothelial or neuronal origins in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injuries are far from being settled, extending from being important to not having any role at all. Objective: To investigate the role of NO of endothelial and neuronal origins in ischemia/reperfusion injuries in focal cerebral ischemia, L-NAME, a non selective NO synthase inhibitor ...

Objective(s): Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) causes brain inflammation that ultimately causes long time brain function disturbances. We aimed to evaluate the effect of ellagic acid (EA) on anxiety, depression, locomotion behaviors, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, brain edema, and inflammation in male rats with cerebral I/R. Materials and ...

Free radicals play an important role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Accumulations of toxic free radicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) not only increase the susceptibility of brain tissue to ischemic damage but also trigger numerous molecular cascades, leading to increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, brain edema, hemorrhage and i...

BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that the novel neuropeptide orexin-A may play an essential role during neuronal damage. However, the function of orexin-A during brain ischemia remains unclear. Recently, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) was shown to be activated by orexin-A. The aim of the current study is to test the hypothesis that administration of exogenous orexin-A can attenuate ische...

In order to evaluate the effect of cerebral ischemia on the flavoprotein fluorescence (FPF), we compared the changes in the FPF and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) during transient cerebral ischemia in the rat. We measured the FPF and SEP simultaneously via a cranial window made over the right sensorimotor cortex during the left median nerve stimulation in F344 rats. We compared change in ...

The myogenic response is crucial for maintaining vascular resistance to achieve constant perfusion during pressure fluctuations. Reduced cerebral blood flow has been reported in ischemic and nonischemic hemispheres after stroke. Ischemia-reperfusion injury and the resulting oxidative stress impair myogenic responses in the ischemic hemisphere. Yet, the mechanism by which ischemia-reperfusion af...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intraischemic mild hypothermia has been shown to be neuroprotective in reducing cerebral infarction in transient focal ischemia. As a more clinical relevant issue, we investigated the effect of delayed intraischemic and postischemic hypothermia on cerebral infarction in a rat model of reversible focal ischemia. We also examined the effect of hypothermia on the inflammator...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE While polymorphonuclear leukocytes may contribute to the "no-reflow" phenomenon after focal cardiac and skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion, their contribution to acute focal cerebral ischemia is unresolved. We have examined the role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in microvascular perfusion defects after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in a baboon model of reversibl...

Ligustrazine (2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine) is a major active ingredient of the Szechwan lovage rhizome and is extensively used in treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. The mechanism of action of ligustrazine use against ischemic cerebrovascular diseases remains unclear at present. This study summarizes its protective effect, the optimum time window of administration, and the most effec...

Metallothioneins (MTs) are cysteine-rich metal-binding proteins that are potentially involved in zinc homeostasis and free radical scavenging. The expression pattern of MT-1 and the binding activity of various MT-1 promoter elements were investigated after mild focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Transient focal ischemia was induced by occluding both common carotid arteries and the right middle...